German words from Proto-Germanic
445 German words with Proto-Germanic in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages (page 6).
schwer
It is inherited from Middle High German swære, inherited from Old High German swāri, also swār, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *swār, inherited from Proto-Germanic *swēraz (“heavy”). The same…
sechs
It is inherited from Middle High German sehs, inherited from Old High German sehs, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sehs, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sehs (“six”). The same numeral is Gothic…
See
It is inherited from Middle High German sê, inherited from Old High German sēo, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *saiwi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *saiwiz (“sea, lake”). The same word is…
sehen
It is inherited from Middle High German sëhen, inherited from Old High German sehan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sehwan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną. The same word is Old Saxon…
sehr
It is inherited from Middle High German sēre, inherited from Old High German sēro (“painfully”), the adverb of the adjective Old High German sēr (“sad, painful”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic…
sein
1. The possessive is inherited from Middle High German sīn, inherited from Old High German sīn, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sīn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz (“his own, one's own”)…
seit
It is inherited from Middle High German sīt, inherited from Old High German sīd, inherited from Proto-Germanic *seiþiz (“later”), an old comparative adverb whose ending was regularly lost in West…
Seite
It is inherited from Middle High German sīte, inherited from Old High German sīta, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sīdǭ (“side, flank”). The same word is Old Saxon sīda, Old English sīde, Old Frisian…
selber
It is inherited from Middle High German sëlber, the strong nominative singular masculine of selp (“self, same”), fixed as an indeclinable form. This continues inherited from Old High German selb…
selten
It is inherited from Middle High German sëlten, inherited from Old High German seltan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *seldanā, inherited from Proto-Germanic *seldanē (“seldom”), formed from a…
setzen
It is inherited from Middle High German setzen, inherited from Old High German sezzen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sattjan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *satjaną (“to set, place”), the…
sich
It is inherited from Middle High German sich, inherited from Old High German sih, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sek. The same pronoun is Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌺 (sik), Old Norse sik, Old Frisian sik and Middle…
Sicht
It is inherited from Middle High German siht, inherited from Old High German siht (“sight, appearance”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sihti (“seeing, sight”), an abstract noun formed from the…
sie
It is inherited from Middle High German si, inherited from Old High German siu, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sī (“she”). The same form is Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si)…
sieben
1. It is inherited from Middle High German siben, inherited from Old High German sibun, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sebun, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sebun (“seven”). The same word is…
Sieg
It is inherited from Middle High German sige, inherited from Old High German sigu, inherited from Proto-Germanic *segaz (“victory”). The same word is Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃 (sigis), Old Norse sigr, Old…
singen
It is inherited from Middle High German singen, inherited from Old High German singan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *singwan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *singwaną (“to sing”), a strong…
sinken
It is inherited from Middle High German sinken, inherited from Old High German sinkan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sinkwan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sinkwaną (“to sink”), a strong…
Sinn
It is inherited from Middle High German sin, inherited from Old High German sin, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sinn. The word is limited to German, Dutch and Frisian: Middle Low German sin…
sitzen
It is inherited from Middle High German sitzen, inherited from Old High German sizzen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sittjan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sitjaną (“to sit”). The same verb…
so
It is inherited from Middle High German sō, inherited from Old High German sō, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *swā, inherited from Proto-Germanic *swē (“as, like, so”). Kluge sets up *swǣ, and…
Sohn
It is inherited from Middle High German sun, inherited from Old High German sunu, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”). The same word is Gothic…
solch
It is inherited from Middle High German solich, inherited from Old High German sulīh, inherited from Proto-Germanic *swalīkaz (“so shaped, such”). The same compound is Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (swaleiks)…
sollen
It is inherited from Middle High German suln, inherited from Old High German sculan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *skulaną, a preterite-present verb…
Sommer
It is inherited from Middle High German sumer, inherited from Old High German sumar, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sumar, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz (“summer”). The same word is…
sorgen
It is inherited from Middle High German sorgen, inherited from Old High German sorgēn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *surgāną (“to worry”), a verb formed from the noun that is now Sorge. The same…
spät
It is inherited from Middle High German spæte, inherited from Old High German spāti, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *spādī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *spēdiz. Outside German it is found only…
Spiel
It is inherited from Middle High German spil, inherited from Old High German spil, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *spil (“dance”). The word is found only in continental West Germanic: Old Saxon…
spielen
It is inherited from Middle High German spiln, inherited from Old High German spilōn, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *spilōn (“to play, to dance”), a verb formed from the noun Proto-West…
Sprache
It is inherited from Middle High German sprāche, inherited from Old High German sprāhha, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sprāku (“speech, language”). Kluge reconstructs the West Germanic form as…
sprechen
It is inherited from Middle High German sprechen, inherited from Old High German sprehhan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sprekan. The same verb is Old Saxon sprekan, Old Frisian spreka and Old…
Spur
It is inherited from Middle High German spur, inherited from Old High German spor, inherited from Proto-Germanic *spurą (“track”). The same word is Old Norse spor, Old English spor, Middle Low…
Stadt
It is inherited from Middle High German stat, inherited from Old High German stat (“place, site”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stadi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *stadiz (“place”). The…
Stand
It is inherited from Middle High German stant (“standing, place of standing”), inherited from Old High German *stant, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stand. The Old High German noun is found…
stark
It is inherited from Middle High German starc, inherited from Old High German starc, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stark, inherited from Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“stiff; strong”). Kluge…
stehen
It is inherited from Middle High German stān, inherited from Old High German stān, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stān, inherited from Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”), with the by-forms stēn…
steigen
It is inherited from Middle High German stīgen, inherited from Old High German stīgan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stīgan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *stīganą (“to climb, ascend”). The…
Stein
It is inherited from Middle High German stein, inherited from Old High German stein, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stain, inherited from Proto-Germanic *stainaz (“stone”). The same word is…
stellen
It is inherited from Middle High German stellen, inherited from Old High German stellen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stalljan (“to put, place”). The same verb is Old Saxon stellian, Middle…
sterben
It is inherited from Middle High German sterben, inherited from Old High German sterban, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sterban, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sterbaną, a strong verb found…
Stimme
It is inherited from Middle High German stimme, inherited from Old High German stimma or stimna, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stebnu, inherited from Proto-Germanic *stebnō (“voice”). Kluge…
stoßen
It is inherited from Middle High German stōzen, inherited from Old High German stōzan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stautan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *stautaną (“to push, bump, jolt”), a…
Streit
It is inherited from Middle High German strīt, inherited from Old High German strīt, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *strīd, inherited from Proto-Germanic *strīdaz (“battle, fight”), the noun…
Stück
It is inherited from Middle High German stücke, inherited from Old High German stucki, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stukkī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *stukkiją (“piece, stump”). The same…
Stunde
It is inherited from Middle High German stunde, inherited from Old High German stunta, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stundu, inherited from Proto-Germanic *stundō (“period of time, point in…
suchen
It is inherited from Middle High German suochen, inherited from Old High German suohhen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sōkijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sōkijaną (“to seek”). The same…
Tag
It is inherited from Middle High German tac, inherited from Old High German tag, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *dag, inherited from Proto-Germanic *dagaz (“day”). The same word is Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃…
Tat
It is inherited from Middle High German tāt, inherited from Old High German tāt, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *dādi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *dēdiz (“deed”). The same word is Old Saxon…
Teil
It is inherited from Middle High German teil, inherited from Old High German teil, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *daili, inherited from Proto-Germanic *dailiz (“part, share”). The same word is…
teilen
It is inherited from Middle High German teilen, inherited from Old High German teilen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *dailijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *dailijaną (“to divide, share”), a…
teuer
It is inherited from Middle High German tiure, inherited from Old High German tiuri (“precious, dear, esteemed”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *diurī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *diurijaz…
tief
It is inherited from Middle High German tief, inherited from Old High German tiof, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *deup, inherited from Proto-Germanic *deupaz (“deep”). The same adjective is…
Tier
It is inherited from Middle High German tier, inherited from Old High German tior, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *deuzą (“wild animal”). The same word is…
Tisch
It is inherited from Middle High German tisch, inherited from Old High German tisc, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *disk (“dish”), an early borrowed from Latin discus (“discus; flat dish…
Tochter
It is inherited from Middle High German tohter, inherited from Old High German tohter, inherited from Proto-Germanic *duhtēr (“daughter”). The same word is Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌰𐍂 (daúhtar), Old Norse…
Tod
It is inherited from Middle High German tōt, inherited from Old High German tōd, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *dauþu, inherited from Proto-Germanic *dauþuz (“death”). The same word is Old…
toll
It is inherited from Middle High German tol, also dol, inherited from Old High German tol (“foolish”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *dol, from Proto-Germanic *dulaz (“dazed, foolish”). The…
Tor
1. The fool is inherited from Middle High German tōre, a noun formed from an adjective that has not survived on its own. The same word is Middle Low German dore and Middle Dutch door (“fool”)…
tot
It is inherited from Middle High German tōt, inherited from Old High German tōt, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *daud, inherited from Proto-Germanic *daudaz (“dead”). The same word is Gothic…
töten
It is inherited from Middle High German tœten (also tœden), inherited from Old High German tōden, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *daudijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *daudijaną (“to make…