German words from Proto-Germanic
445 German words with Proto-Germanic in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages (page 2).
Dienst
It is inherited from Middle High German dienest, inherited from Old High German dionōst, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þewanōstaz (“service”), an abstract noun formed with a suffix in -st from the…
Ding
It is inherited from Middle High German dinc, inherited from Old High German thing, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þing, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þingą (“assembly; appointed time”). The…
doch
It is inherited from Middle High German doch, inherited from Old High German doh, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þauh, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þauh (“nevertheless, though”). The same…
Donnerstag
It is inherited from Middle High German donerstac, inherited from Old High German donarestag, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *Þunras dag (“day of the thunder god”), a loan translation from Latin…
Dorf
It is inherited from Middle High German dorf, inherited from Old High German dorf, thorf, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þorp, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þurpą. The same word is Gothic…
dort
It is inherited from Middle High German dort, inherited from Old High German tharot, beside dorot and thorot, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þārud (“thither”). It was formed from Proto-Germanic…
drehen
It is inherited from Middle High German dræjen, inherited from Old High German drāen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną. It continues an old strong…
drei
It is inherited from Middle High German drī, inherited from Old High German drī, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þrīʀ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þrīz, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes…
dritte
It is inherited from Middle High German dritte, inherited from Old High German dritto, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þridjô (“third”), the ordinal number of drei. The same word is Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰…
drohen
It is inherited from Middle High German drōn, inherited from Old High German drouwen (“to threaten, rebuke”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þrawjan (“to threaten”). The modern form goes back…
du
It is inherited from Middle High German dū, inherited from Old High German dū, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þū, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þū. The vowel could be long or short…
durch
It is inherited from Middle High German durch, inherited from Old High German duruh, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þur-h-, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þurhw. The same word is Old Saxon…
dürfen
It is inherited from Middle High German durfen, inherited from Old High German durfan (“to need, have cause to”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þurban, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną…
eben
It is inherited from Middle High German eben, inherited from Old High German eban, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ebn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz (“even, level”). The adverb continues…
eher
It is inherited from Middle High German ē, inherited from Old High German ēr (“earlier, before”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *airiz (“earlier”), the adverb of an old comparative. The same adverb…
eigen
It is inherited from Middle High German eigen, inherited from Old High German eigan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *aigan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *aiganaz (“own”), originally the past…
ein
1. The numeral and article is inherited from Middle High German ein, inherited from Old High German ein, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”). The same word is Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains), Old Norse…
einige
It is inherited from Middle High German einic, inherited from Old High German einīg (“any”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ainag, used in the plural; the word was formed from the numeral ein…
einsetzen
It is inherited from Middle High German īnsetzen, inherited from Old High German insezzen (“to put in, place beside”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *insattjan, formed from ein- and setzen. The…
elf
It is inherited from Middle High German einlif, later eilf, inherited from Old High German einlif, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ainalif (“eleven”), a compound of Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”) and…
Eltern
It is inherited from Middle High German eltern, inherited from Old High German eltiron, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *aldizōn-, the plural of the comparative of alt used as a noun: “the older…
Ende
It is inherited from Middle High German ende, inherited from Old High German enti, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *andī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *andijaz (“end”). The same word is Gothic…
enden
It is inherited from Middle High German enden, inherited from Old High German entōn, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *andijōn, a verb formed from the noun Ende. The same verb is Old Saxon endion…
eng
It is inherited from Middle High German enge, inherited from Old High German engi, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *angī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *anguz (“narrow”). The same adjective is…
er
It is inherited from Middle High German ër, inherited from Old High German ër, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *iz. The same pronoun is Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is). Kluge…
erfahren
It is inherited from Middle High German ervarn, inherited from Old High German irfaran, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *uʀfaran, the verb fahren “to go, travel” with the prefix er-. Wiktionary…
erfüllen
It is inherited from Middle High German ervüllen, inherited from Old High German irfullen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *uʀfullijan, a prefixed form of füllen with er-. The same formation is…
erhöhen
It is inherited from Middle High German erhœhen, inherited from Old High German irhōhen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *uʀhauhijan (“to raise”), formed with the prefix er- from the verb höhen…
erlauben
It is inherited from Middle High German erlouben, inherited from Old High German irlouben, inherited from Proto-Germanic *uzlaubijaną (“to allow”). The same verb is Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (uslaubjan), Old…
erscheinen
It is inherited from Middle High German erschīnen, inherited from Old High German irskīnan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *uʀskīnan, formed with the prefix er- from the verb that is now…
erst
It is inherited from Middle High German ērste, inherited from Old High German ērist, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *airista- (“first, earliest”). The same word is Old Saxon ērist, Old English…
erste
It is inherited from Middle High German ērest, inherited from Old High German ēristo, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *airist (“earliest, first”). The same word is Old Saxon ērist, Middle Low…
es
It is inherited from Middle High German ëȥ, inherited from Old High German iȥ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *it. The same word is Gothic 𐌹𐍄𐌰 (ita) and Old Saxon it, and it survives as Low German…
fahren
It is inherited from Middle High German varn, inherited from Old High German faran, inherited from Proto-Germanic *faraną (“to go, travel”). The same verb is Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran), Old Norse fara…
Fahrt
It is inherited from Middle High German vart, inherited from Old High German fart, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fardi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *fardiz (“journey”), a noun in ⟨*-ti-⟩…
Fall
It is inherited from Middle High German val, inherited from Old High German fal, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fall, first the noun of action of fallen. Kluge reconstructs a pre-German…
fallen
It is inherited from Middle High German vallen, inherited from Old High German fallan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fallan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”). The same verb…
Farbe
It is inherited from Middle High German varwe, inherited from Old High German farawa, inherited from Proto-Germanic *farwō. The same word is Middle Low German varwe, Middle Dutch varwe and Dutch…
fast
It is inherited from Middle High German vaste, inherited from Old High German fasto (“firmly, securely; very”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fastō, the adverb without umlaut that belongs to…
Feld
It is inherited from Middle High German velt, inherited from Old High German feld, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *felþu (“field”). The same word is Old Saxon feld, Old English feld and Old…
fest
It is inherited from Middle High German veste, inherited from Old High German festi, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fast, inherited from Proto-Germanic *fastuz (“firm, fixed”). Old High German…
finden
It is inherited from Middle High German vinden, inherited from Old High German findan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *finþan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *finþaną (“to find”). The same strong…
folgen
It is inherited from Middle High German volgen, inherited from Old High German folgēn, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *folgēn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *fulgāną (“to follow”). Old High…
fördern
It is inherited from Middle High German vürdern, inherited from Old High German furdiren, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *furþrijan, a verb derived from the comparative adverb fürder “further…
Frage
It is inherited from Middle High German vrāge, inherited from Old High German frāga, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *frāgu, inherited from Proto-Germanic *frēgō (“question”). Pfeifer and the…
fragen
It is inherited from Middle High German vrāgen, inherited from Old High German frāgēn, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *frāgēn. The same verb is Old Saxon frāgon, Old Frisian frēgia and Dutch…
Franke
It is inherited from Middle High German Franke, inherited from Old High German Franko, inherited from Proto-Germanic *frankô. The same name is Old Saxon Franko, Middle Low German Vranke, Middle…
Frau
It is inherited from Middle High German vrouwe, inherited from Old High German frouwa (“mistress, lady”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *frauwjā, inherited from Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ (“lady”)…
frei
It is inherited from Middle High German vrī, inherited from Old High German frī, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *frī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *frijaz (“free”). The same word is Gothic…
Freitag
It is inherited from Middle High German vrītac, inherited from Old High German frīatag, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *Frījā dag (“day of Frija”). Like the other names of weekdays it is a loan…
Freude
It is inherited from Middle High German vröude, inherited from Old High German frewida, inherited from Proto-Germanic *frawiþō (“joy”). Kluge takes it as a pre-German abstract noun to the adjective…
freuen
It is inherited from Middle High German vröuwen, inherited from Old High German frewen (also frouwen), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *frauwjan (“to gladden”). It is a factitive verb formed on…
Freund
It is inherited from Middle High German vriunt, inherited from Old High German friunt, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *friund, inherited from Proto-Germanic *frijōndz (“friend, relative”). The…
früh
It is inherited from Middle High German vrüeje, inherited from Old High German fruoi, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *frō (“early”): the Old High German adjective was formed from the adverb…
fühlen
It is inherited from Middle High German vüelen, inherited from Old High German fuolen (“to touch, feel”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”). The same verb is Old Saxon…
führen
It is inherited from Middle High German vüeren, inherited from Old High German fuoren, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fōrijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *fōrijaną (“to cause to go, lead”)…
fünf
It is inherited from Middle High German vünf, inherited from Old High German fimf, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fimf, inherited from Proto-Germanic *fimf, inherited from Proto-Indo-European…
für
It is inherited from Middle High German vür, inherited from Old High German furi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *furi (“before, for”). The same word is Old Saxon furi, Old Frisian fori, Old Norse…
Fuß
It is inherited from Middle High German vuoz, inherited from Old High German fuoz, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, inherited from Proto-Germanic *fōts (“foot”). The same word is Old Saxon…
ganz
It is inherited from Middle High German ganz, inherited from Old High German ganz (“sound, unhurt, complete”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *gant. The word was at first confined to High German…