Romanian words from Latin
2044 Romanian words with Latin in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages (page 15).
începe
It is inherited from Latin incipiō (“to begin”). The Latin verb is formed from in- and capiō (“to seize, take”). The verb survives in Aromanian ntsep. Outside Romanian it was kept only in Romansh…
încerca
Most dictionaries take it as inherited from Vulgar Latin *incircō, a popular Latin compound of circō (“to go round”). The DA explains that its original sense was to encircle, and that it later took…
încet
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *quetus (“quiet, calm”), the popular form of Classical quiētus, with the prefix în- added later in Romanian. Ciorănescu compares împrejur and înainte for the…
înceta
It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *quētō (“to quieten”), a form of the Late Latin verb quiētō, with the Romanian prefix în-. The Latin verb was made on Latin quiētus (“quiet, calm”) and…
închega
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *inclagāre (“to curdle”), formed with in- on Latin coāgulō (“to curdle”), according to DELR, which follows Tiktin, Candrea–Densusianu, the DA and DEX. MDA2 writes…
încheia
DEX, MDA2 and Wiktionary take it as inherited from Vulgar Latin *inclāvāre (“to fasten with a nail; to lock”), a verb formed in Latin on clāvus (“nail”) or clāvis (“key”). Pușcariu and the REW…
închide
It is inherited from Latin inclūdō (“to shut in, enclose”), formed with in- on claudō (“to shut”). In Romanian it took over the senses of the simple verb, “to close, shut”. Candrea and Densusianu…
închina
It is inherited from Latin inclīnō (“to bend, bow, incline”). The Latin verb is formed from in- and clīnō (“to bend”). The verb survives in all four branches: Aromanian ncljin, also ncl'inare in the…
închinăciune
It is inherited from Latin inclīnātiō (“a bending, leaning”), from the accusative, according to DEX, Candrea–Densusianu, Scriban and Wiktionary. The Latin noun is formed on inclīnō (“to bend”). DER…
închisoare
It is formed from Romanian închis + -oare, from the participle of închide with an abstract suffix, like prinsoare. Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of that verb, which is from Latin inclūdō…
încinge
1. The word for “catch fire, heat up” is inherited from Latin incendō (“to set on fire, kindle”). Ciorănescu follows Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu, the REW and the DA, and compares Italian…
include
It is borrowed from Latin inclūdō (“to shut in, enclose”), a learned loan. The DN compares French inclure. The Latin verb is formed from in- and claudō (“to shut”). The same Latin verb lives on in…
inclusiv
It is borrowed from French inclusif, a 19th-century loan; Marcu and the NODEX also name borrowed from Medieval Latin inclūsīvus. The French word is borrowed from the Medieval Latin one, which is…
încoace
It is formed from Romanian în + acoace, the second part being an old adverb “hither” that survives only in compounds with prepositions. That adverb is from Latin eccum (“behold”) + hoc (“hither”) in…
înconjura
It is formed from Romanian în- + conjura, the second part being an old verb meaning “to go round”, recorded in the Psaltirea Scheiană. That verb is from Latin congȳrō (“to make a circle about”)…
încotro
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *in-contra-ubi (“towards where”), a phrase of in (“in”), contrā (“against, towards”) and ubi (“where”). Ciorănescu, following Philippide and Tiktin, starts from…
încuia
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *incuneō, a verb with the prefix in- built on Latin cuneō (“to fasten with wedges”), which is derived from cuneus (“wedge”). Ciorănescu and the REW start from the…
încumeta
It continues inherited from Latin committō (“to join; to entrust, (reflexive) to venture”), according to DER, Tiktin, Candrea–Densusianu and the DA. The REW records the reflexive Latin sense “to…
încura
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *incurrāre (“to make run”), a factitive of Latin currō (“to run”), as Pușcariu proposed in the journal Dacoromania and the DA and DER accept. DEX and MDA2 give the…
încurca
It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *incolicō (“to wind onto the distaff”), a verb formed on colus (“distaff”). Giuglea proposed this etymology, and the DA and Rosetti accepted it. The DA…
îndemna
It is usually explained as inherited from Vulgar Latin *indemināre “to drive away”, from inde (“from there”) and minō (“to drive (animals)”). Pușcariu, the REW, Tiktin, the DA, Candrea and Scriban…
îndesa
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *indēnsō, from Latin dēnsō (“to thicken, press together”), with a Latin prefix. Pușcariu supposed a change of prefix in Latin condēnsō; the DA allows both this and…
indiciu
It is borrowed from Latin indicium (“disclosure, sign”), with senses after borrowed from French indice. The dictionaries weigh the two sources differently: DA and DN give only the Latin word, CADE…
individ
It is borrowed from French individu and directly borrowed from Latin individuum. Tiktin and Scriban point to the Latin adjective indīviduus (“indivisible”). The French noun was borrowed in 1377 from…
îndrepta
It is formed from Romanian în- + drept (“straight”), with the prefix that makes verbs from nouns and adjectives, as in îndruma from drum and însemna from semn. The adjective, older derept, is from…
îndulci
It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *indulcīre (“to make sweet”), formed on Latin dulcis (“sweet”); the Latin glosses have a verb indulcēre, and the inchoative present forms point to…
îndupleca
It is formed from Romanian în- + dupleca, the old verb dupleca meaning “to bend, fold”. Ciorănescu treats it as a variant of that verb, which is from Latin duplicō (“to double; to bend, fold over”)…
îndura
It is inherited from Latin indūrō (“to make hard, harden”), formed on dūrus (“hard”). DEX takes the sense “to endure” partly from French endurer. Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu, and the REW give…
inel
It is inherited from Latin ānellus (“little ring”), a diminutive of ānulus (“ring”). Latin unstressed /a/ before /n/ gave /ɨ/, which became /i/ when /e/ followed in the next syllable. The stressed…
înfărma
Its origin is uncertain. MDA2, Tiktin and the DA call it of unknown origin. Ciorănescu thinks it may be from Latin fōrmō (“to shape, form”), with an original sense “to wrap”, which would make it a…
înfășa
It is inherited from Latin fasciāre (“to swathe, bandage”), from fascia (“band, swaddling band”). The DEX, Candrea and Densusianu and Wiktionary give the prefixed *infasciāre instead or beside it…
înfășura
It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *infasciolō (“to wrap in bands”), formed on fasciola (“small band”), the diminutive of fascia (“band, strip”). Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu and the DA…
înfierbânta
It is formed from Romanian în- + fierbinte. The adjective fierbinte “hot” is from Latin ferventem. Byhan and Iordan took the verb from a Latin *inferventāre, a hypothesis Ciorănescu calls gratuitous.
înfierbăza
Capidan and the DA take it as inherited from Vulgar Latin *(in)fervidiāre, formed on fervidus (“boiling, burning”). MDA2 analyses it as from Romanian în- + fierbăza and takes the simple verb from…
înfige
It is inherited from Latin īnfīgō (“to fix in, fasten”), a compound of fīgō (“to fix”) with the prefix in-. The participle înfipt continues a Latin *īnfictum, formed for īnfīxum on the model of…
înfira
It is formed from Romanian în- + fir, the noun meaning “thread”. Candrea and Densusianu took it from a Latin *infīlāre, comparing Italian infilare, French enfiler, Spanish enhilar and Portuguese…
înflori
DEX gives it as inherited from Vulgar Latin *inflōriō (“to blossom”), which MDA2 marks as a reconstructed form. Candrea and Densusianu take it from the same Latin verb and compare Italian infiorire…
înfoia
It is either inherited from Vulgar Latin *infolliāre, formed on follis (“bellows, bag”), or a Romanian formation on the plural foi of foaie. The DA, MDA2 and Tiktin take the Latin form, which Cihac…
înfrâna
It is inherited from Latin īnfrēnō (“to bridle”). MDA2 marks the Latin form as reconstructed. Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of frâu “bridle”, but notes that Pușcariu, Candrea and…
înfrânge
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *infrangō (“to break completely”), a popular form of Latin infringō (“to break, to crush”) that took back the vowel of frangō (“to break”). Candrea and Densusianu…
înfrunta
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *infrontō, a verb built on frōns (“forehead”), according to most dictionaries. The DA notes that the other Romance languages formed *affrontō instead. Candrea and…
înfuleca
DEX, MDA2, NODEX and Wiktionary give it as inherited from Vulgar Latin *infollicō (“to puff like bellows”), a Latin verb formed with in- on follicō, itself from follis (“bag, bellows”). The REW…
îngâna
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ingannō (“to mock, to imitate the voice”), a Latin verb that is not attested in classical texts. Only related forms such as Latin gannator (“mocker”) and…
îngemăna
It is inherited from Latin ingeminō (“to redouble, to repeat”), as DEX, MDA2, Tiktin, the DA and Wiktionary give it. The Latin verb is formed with in- on geminō (“to double, to repeat”). Ciorănescu…
îngenunchea
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ingenuculō (“to kneel”), the popular form of Latin ingeniculō, formed on geniculum (“knee”). Wiktionary gives a shortened *ingenuclō as the immediate source. The…
înger
It is inherited from Late Latin angelus (“angel”), the Church Latin word, which is from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger”). The DA counts it among the oldest layer of Christian words in…
îngheța
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *inglaciāre (“to freeze”), formed on Latin glaciēs (“ice”). Tiktin gives the Latin verb with and without the prefix. The Latin noun continues in Romanian gheață…
înghiți
It is inherited from Late Latin ingluttiō (“to swallow down”). The Latin verb is formed from in- and gluttiō (“to gulp down”). Candrea and Densusianu cite it from Isidore and the Latin glossaries…
îngrășa
It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *ingrassiō (“to fatten”), formed on grassus (“fat”), a by-form of crassus (“thick, fat”). Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu and the DA hold this view, and…
îngreuna
It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *ingrevināre, a derivative of *grevis, the popular form of Latin gravis (“heavy”). Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu and the DA hold this view, and Candrea…
îngroșa
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ingrossiāre, from grossus (“thick”), according to MDA2, the DA, Candrea–Densusianu and Wikționar. Candrea–Densusianu compare Old French engroissier, Occitan…
îngust
It is inherited from Latin angustus (“narrow”). The Latin adjective goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow, tight”), through a neuter s-stem noun. The adjective survives in Aromanian and…
îngusta
It is inherited from Latin angustō (“to make narrow”), as DEX, MDA2, Tiktin, the DA and Wiktionary give it. The REW lists the Romanian verb and Spanish angostar under it, and Candrea–Densusianu add…
îniepta
It is inherited from Latin iniectō (“to lay on, throw in”), the frequentative of iniciō formed on its past participle iniectus. Candrea and Densusianu and the DA took this view, and Ciorănescu…
inimă
It is inherited from Latin anima (“breath, soul”). The shift from “soul” to “heart” happened only in Romanian; Ciorănescu compares animus glossed “heart” in a gloss from Toledo. The DA notes that…
înjuga
It is formed from Romanian în- + jug, from putting an animal under the yoke, as DEX and MDA2 explain it. The noun for “yoke” is from Latin iugum. Other dictionaries take it from Latin: the DA from…
înjura
Most dictionaries take it as inherited from Late Latin iniūriō (“to wrong, insult”), from Latin iniūrior (“to do an injury”), itself formed on iniūria (“injustice, wrong”). Tiktin and the DA add…
înnebuni
It is formed from Romanian în- + nebun, “insane, mad”, as DEX, MDA2 and Wiktionary give it. The DA is more exact: the verb was first nebuni, derived from the adjective, and took the prefix în- only…
înnoda
It is inherited from Latin innōdō (“to fasten with a knot”), a verb formed in Latin on nōdō and recorded in late authors such as Ammianus. The REW lists the Romanian verb under the Latin one…
înota
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *notō (“to swim”), the form behind most Romance verbs for swimming, used instead of Latin natō, the classical form. The DEX and DLRM give it as a popular Latin…