Etymology and origin of the Romanian word îngrășa
- Confidence
- Disputed
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- c. 1573–1578 Psaltirea Scheiană More words from the 16th century
- Inherited from
- Latin *ingrassio
- Ultimate origin
- Latin crassus
Forms
- îngrășa (third-person singular present îngrașă, past participle îngrășat), 1st conjugation[1]
MDA2 records the variant îngreșa.[2]
Etymology
It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *ingrassiō (“to fatten”), formed on grassus (“fat”), a by-form of crassus (“thick, fat”).[3][2][4][1] Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu and the DA hold this view, and the REW lists French engraisser, Occitan engraisar, Catalan engreixar and Portuguese engraxar as further reflexes of the same Latin verb.[5][6] The verb survives south of the Danube as Aromanian ngrash, which Papahagi also derives from the Latin verb.[7][1]
Ciorănescu and Tiktin explain it instead as formed from Romanian în- + gras.[5][8] Tiktin compares îngroșa from gros and the many verbs formed in the same way on adjectives in ⟨-os⟩.[8] gras itself is inherited from Latin grassus.[5]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin's first record is in the Psaltirea Scheiană, at Deuteronomy 32:15, of the people who grew rich and forgot God: „cu grasu îngrășe-se și lărgi-se” “he grew fat and broad”.[8][4] MDA2 gives the Codicele Voronețean as the first record, but the passage the DA quotes there comes from the New Testament of 1648.[2][4]
Semantic evolution
The verb is used of people, animals and the soil.[4][8] Of land it means “to manure, make fertile”, and the DA quotes Dosoftei on the good soil of the soul being fattened.[4] The New Testament of 1648 used it for hearts that have grown dull, where the Codicele Voronețean has îngroșa.[4]
The verb is common in proverbs: Ochiul stăpânului îngrașă calul “the master's eye fattens the horse” and Nu se mai îngrașă porcul în ziua de Ignat “the pig is not fattened on St Ignatius' day”, said of work left until it is too late.[8][4] The derivative îngrășământ names a fertilizer.[3]
Timeline
- c. 1573–1578 – îngrășe-se “he grew fat” in the Psaltirea Scheiană.[8][4]
- 1589 – îngrașe in the psalter of 1589, at Psalm 122:5.[9]
- 1648 – s-au îngrășat inimile “the hearts have grown dull” in the New Testament of 1648.[4]
- 1649 – îngraș in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[10]
- 1688 – îngrășat and other forms in the Bucharest Bible.[11]
Meanings
Verb
- (reflexive) To become fat, put on weight.[3][2][1]
- (transitive) To make fat; especially, to fatten an animal by feeding it well: a îngrășa porcul în ajun “to try to do serious work at the last moment”.[3][2]
- (transitive) To make soil more fertile with manure or fertilizer.[3][2]
Word family
- îngrășământ
- îngrășătorie
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1235
- ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 549
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. îngrășa
- ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. gras
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 4427
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 752
- ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. îngrășa
- ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 122:5
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. îngraș
- ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Isaiah 6:10
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Îngrășa.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEngr%C4%83%C8%99a. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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