Etymology and origin of the Romanian word inimă
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1570 Coresi's psalter More words from the 16th century
- Inherited from
- Latin anima
- Ultimate origin
- Latin anima
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
- [ˈinimə][1]
Forms
inimă f (plural inimi)[1] The old form is inemă: „Da-ți-voi ție 72 de boale, una boală de inemă” “I will give you 72 diseases, one of them a disease of the heart” (Călătoria lui Stih, 1625).[2] Old texts have the plural inime beside inimi; regional forms include irimă, irmă and ermă.[3][4]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin anima (“breath, soul”).[5][3][2][1] The shift from “soul” to “heart” happened only in Romanian;[5] Ciorănescu compares animus glossed “heart” in a gloss from Toledo.[5] The DA notes that some figurative senses continue those of the Latin word and that the Romanian word replaced Latin cor (“heart”) entirely.[2] Candrea and Densusianu take the older form to be ⟨inemă⟩, remade under the influence of inimos; the regional ⟨irmă⟩ comes from a syncopated ⟨*inmă⟩.[6]
The word survives in Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian: Aromanian inimã and Megleno-Romanian inimă.[5][7][8] Elsewhere in Romance the Latin word kept the sense “soul”: Italian anima, French âme, Catalan arma, Spanish alma and Portuguese alma.[5][9]
Earliest recorded meaning
The oldest form in the psalters is inemă, in Coresi's psalter of 1570.[10] MDA2 dates its first record to the Psaltirea Scheiană (c. 1573–1578), and Tiktin to the same 16th-century psalter.[3][11] From the start it means the heart both as the seat of feeling and as an organ of the body.[2]
Semantic evolution
The DA lists the bodily heart, the chest, and, in popular speech, the stomach or belly;[2] Ciorănescu notes that the sense “belly” matches French cœur and Modern Greek καρδιά (kardiá) “upper part of the stomach”.[2][5] Hence mă doare inima “I have a stomach ache” and pe inima goală “on an empty stomach”.[12][4] The figurative senses cover the seat of the feelings, courage and character, and the centre or core of a thing, such as the pole joining the axles of a cart or the heart of winter.[5][13] In cards it is the suit of hearts.[11]
Romanian formed inimos “brave, generous”, inimioară and other diminutives, and inimoșie “courage”.[5] In 1961 the press recorded the compound inimă-plămân artificial “heart-lung machine”, compare French cœur-poumon.[14]
Timeline
- 1570 – inemă in Coresi's psalter.[10]
- c. 1573–1578 – inimă in the Psaltirea Scheiană.[3]
- 1625 – boală de inemă “heart disease” in Călătoria lui Stih.[2]
- 1649 – inimă in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[15]
- 1688 – inemă and inimă side by side in the Bucharest Bible.[16]
- 1825 – the Lexicon de la Buda glosses it “heart”, “mind, soul” and “courage”.[17]
- 1961 – inimă-plămân artificial “heart-lung machine” in the press.[14]
Meanings
Noun
- (anatomy) The heart, the muscular organ that pumps the blood; by extension, the chest.[4][1]
- (popular) The stomach, belly.[4]
- (cards) hearts, the suit.[4]
- A machine part shaped like a heart.[4]
- (figurative) The heart as the seat of the feelings, joy and grief: cu dragă inimă “gladly”.[4][1]
- (figurative) The heart as the centre of the inner life; courage.[4][5]
- (figurative) Character, nature; a person: toate inimile “every heart”.[4]
- The middle, centre or interior of something; the core of a plant or fruit; the essential part of a thing.[4]
Word family
- inimioară
- inimos
- inimoșie
- mărinimie
- mărinimos
Related words
Usage notes
Many idioms use the word: a-și lua inima în dinți “to pluck up courage”, a-și călca pe inimă “to go against one's own wishes” and a pune la inimă “to take to heart”.[18][4] The literary synonym for the organ is cord.[4]
References
- ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. inimă
- ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1138
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 508
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. inimă
- ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. s.v. inimă
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 576
- ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 103
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 475
- ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 11:2
- ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. inimă
- ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 75
- ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 642
- ^ a b Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. inimă
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. inimă
- ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Gen 20:5
- ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 306
- ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. inimă
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Inimă.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/inim%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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