Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word inimă

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1570 Coresi's psalter More words from the 16th century
Inherited from
Latin anima
Ultimate origin
Latin anima
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin anima
Aromanian inimã
French âme
Romanian inimă
Spanish alma
Italian anima
From the same root
Latin animālis ← anima
Latin animō ← anima
Latin exanimis ← anima
Latin exanimō ← anima
Latin inanimus ← anima
Latin sēmianimis ← anima
Spanish animal ← anima

Pronunciation

Forms

inimă f (plural inimi)[1] The old form is inemă: „Da-ți-voi ție 72 de boale, una boală de inemă” “I will give you 72 diseases, one of them a disease of the heart” (Călătoria lui Stih, 1625).[2] Old texts have the plural inime beside inimi; regional forms include irimă, irmă and ermă.[3][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin anima (“breath, soul”).[5][3][2][1] The shift from “soul” to “heart” happened only in Romanian;[5] Ciorănescu compares animus glossed “heart” in a gloss from Toledo.[5] The DA notes that some figurative senses continue those of the Latin word and that the Romanian word replaced Latin cor (“heart”) entirely.[2] Candrea and Densusianu take the older form to be ⟨inemă⟩, remade under the influence of inimos; the regional ⟨irmă⟩ comes from a syncopated ⟨*inmă⟩.[6]

The word survives in Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian: Aromanian inimã and Megleno-Romanian inimă.[5][7][8] Elsewhere in Romance the Latin word kept the sense “soul”: Italian anima, French âme, Catalan arma, Spanish alma and Portuguese alma.[5][9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The oldest form in the psalters is inemă, in Coresi's psalter of 1570.[10] MDA2 dates its first record to the Psaltirea Scheiană (c. 1573–1578), and Tiktin to the same 16th-century psalter.[3][11] From the start it means the heart both as the seat of feeling and as an organ of the body.[2]

Semantic evolution

The DA lists the bodily heart, the chest, and, in popular speech, the stomach or belly;[2] Ciorănescu notes that the sense “belly” matches French cœur and Modern Greek καρδιά (kardiá) “upper part of the stomach”.[2][5] Hence mă doare inima “I have a stomach ache” and pe inima goală “on an empty stomach”.[12][4] The figurative senses cover the seat of the feelings, courage and character, and the centre or core of a thing, such as the pole joining the axles of a cart or the heart of winter.[5][13] In cards it is the suit of hearts.[11]

Romanian formed inimos “brave, generous”, inimioară and other diminutives, and inimoșie “courage”.[5] In 1961 the press recorded the compound inimă-plămân artificial “heart-lung machine”, compare French cœur-poumon.[14]

Timeline

  • 1570 – inemă in Coresi's psalter.[10]
  • c. 1573–1578 – inimă in the Psaltirea Scheiană.[3]
  • 1625 – boală de inemă “heart disease” in Călătoria lui Stih.[2]
  • 1649 – inimă in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[15]
  • 1688 – inemă and inimă side by side in the Bucharest Bible.[16]
  • 1825 – the Lexicon de la Buda glosses it “heart”, “mind, soul” and “courage”.[17]
  • 1961 – inimă-plămân artificial “heart-lung machine” in the press.[14]

Meanings

Noun

  1. (anatomy) The heart, the muscular organ that pumps the blood; by extension, the chest.[4][1]
  2. (popular) The stomach, belly.[4]
  3. (cards) hearts, the suit.[4]
  4. A machine part shaped like a heart.[4]
  5. (figurative) The heart as the seat of the feelings, joy and grief: cu dragă inimă “gladly”.[4][1]
  6. (figurative) The heart as the centre of the inner life; courage.[4][5]
  7. (figurative) Character, nature; a person: toate inimile “every heart”.[4]
  8. The middle, centre or interior of something; the core of a plant or fruit; the essential part of a thing.[4]

Word family

  • inimioară
  • inimos
  • inimoșie
  • mărinimie
  • mărinimos

Usage notes

Many idioms use the word: a-și lua inima în dinți “to pluck up courage”, a-și călca pe inimă “to go against one's own wishes” and a pune la inimă “to take to heart”.[18][4] The literary synonym for the organ is cord.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. inimă
  3. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1138
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 508
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. inimă
  6. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. s.v. inimă
  7. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 576
  8. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 103
  9. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 475
  10. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 11:2
  11. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. inimă
  12. ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 75
  13. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 642
  14. ^ a b Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. inimă
  15. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. inimă
  16. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Gen 20:5
  17. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 306
  18. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. inimă

Related etymologies

  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
  • sta · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Inimă.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/inim%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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