Romanian words from Latin
2054 Romanian words with Latin in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages (page 16).
îniepta
It is inherited from Latin iniectō (“to lay on, throw in”), the frequentative of iniciō formed on its past participle iniectus. Candrea and Densusianu and the DA took this view, and Ciorănescu…
inimă
It is inherited from Latin anima (“breath, soul”). The shift from “soul” to “heart” happened only in Romanian; Ciorănescu compares animus glossed “heart” in a gloss from Toledo. The DA notes that…
înjuga
It is formed from Romanian în- + jug, from putting an animal under the yoke, as DEX and MDA2 explain it. The noun for “yoke” is from Latin iugum. Other dictionaries take it from Latin: the DA from…
înjura
Most dictionaries take it as inherited from Late Latin iniūriō (“to wrong, insult”), from Latin iniūrior (“to do an injury”), itself formed on iniūria (“injustice, wrong”). Tiktin and the DA add…
înnebuni
It is formed from Romanian în- + nebun, “insane, mad”, as DEX, MDA2 and Wiktionary give it. The DA is more exact: the verb was first nebuni, derived from the adjective, and took the prefix în- only…
înnoda
It is inherited from Latin innōdō (“to fasten with a knot”), a verb formed in Latin on nōdō and recorded in late authors such as Ammianus. The REW lists the Romanian verb under the Latin one…
înota
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *notō (“to swim”), the form behind most Romance verbs for swimming, used instead of Latin natō, the classical form. The DEX and DLRM give it as a popular Latin…
ins
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ipsus, the popular form of ipse (“himself, the very one”). Ciorănescu treats it as a use of the old pronoun îns “self”, which was pronounced with /ɨ/ until the…
îns
It is inherited from Latin ipsus (“himself”), the old form of ipse that Plautus and Cato still use, with its feminine continued as însă. The Latin pronoun goes back to Proto-Italic *e(s)peso, a…
însă
It is inherited from Latin ipsa, the feminine of ipse (“himself, the very one”), through the feminine of the old Romanian pronoun îns “himself, herself”. The nasal before /s/ is old: DER, after…
insectă
It is borrowed from French insecte, with the Latin form borrowed from New Latin īnsectum as a second model: DEX and MDA2 name French alone, while Tiktin, DN and NODEX give both. The French word is a…
înșela
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *insellō (“to saddle”), from sella (“seat; saddle”), according to DEX, Tiktin and Wiktionary. DA and MDA2 give the same source for the verb “to saddle”, which DA…
însemna
The sources divide between a Latin verb and a Romanian formation. The REW and Wiktionary make it inherited from Vulgar Latin *insignō (“to mark”), the source of Italian insegnare, French enseigner…
însenina
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *inserēnō (“to clear up”), formed on serēnō (“to clear up, brighten”), as DEX, MDA2, the DA and Tiktin give it. The Latin verb is formed on serēnus (“clear, fair”)…
înspăimânta
It is formed from Romanian în- + spăimânta, with the same meaning as the simple verb. The DA explains the simple verb as from Vulgar Latin *expavimentāre, a verb formed on *expavīmen, the source of…
instanță
It is borrowed from French instance, and directly borrowed from Latin instantia. Tiktin takes it from the neo-Latin noun through several intermediaries, and Marcu and Maneca also compare Italian…
insulă
It is a learned borrowing borrowed from Latin īnsula (“island”). The CADE of 1931 gives French as its source instead. Scriban sets it beside Italian isola, the inherited Italian form of the same…
însura
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *inuxōrō (“to take a wife”), a verb made on Latin uxor (“wife”); the DEX gives it as probable, and the DA, MDA2 and Candrea–Densusianu reconstruct it too. They…
întâi
Its origin is disputed. The usual explanation is inherited from Vulgar Latin *antaneus, a metathesis of *anteanus (“former, prior”), from Latin ante (“before”); this is the etymon of DEX, MDA2 and…
întâmpla
Its origin is uncertain. Most etymologists, among them Pușcariu, the DA and Rosetti, take it as inherited from Vulgar Latin *intemplō or *templō, a verb formed on Latin templum (“space of sky marked…
întărâta
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *interritō, which DER and the DA see in an 8th-century glossary, where a form of it explains lacessō (“to provoke”). Schuchardt explained the Latin verb as irrītō…
înțelege
It is inherited from Latin intelligō (“to understand”). The /ts/ comes from the old first person singular, stressed on its second syllable, where the Latin /t/ stood before an unstressed /e/; it…
înțelegere
It is the long infinitive of înțelege, formed from Romanian înțelege + -re and used as a noun. The verb is from Latin intellegō (“to understand”). The noun thus names the action of understanding and…
înțelepciune
It is inherited from Latin intellectiō (“understanding, knowledge”), through its accusative intellectiōnem. The DA glosses the Latin word “knowledge, explanation”. It was formed with -tiō on…
înțelept
It is inherited from Latin intellēctus (“understood”), the past participle of intellegō (“to understand”). The DA notes that Latin did not use the participle as an adjective, and that here it took…
înteți
Its origin is uncertain: DEX and Wiktionary derive it inherited from Vulgar Latin *intītiō, formed on tītiō (“firebrand”), and MDA2 gives that etymon with a reservation. The idea goes back to…
înțina
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *intenuō (“to make thin”), formed on tenuō (“to make thin, weaken”). Ciorănescu, following Tiktin, Candrea–Densusianu, the REW, the DAR and Rosetti, gives the plain…
întinde
It is inherited from Latin intendō (“to stretch out, extend”). The DA takes it from both tendō (“to stretch”) and the compound, which is formed from Latin in- + tendō. Wiktionary also allows that it…
întinge
It is inherited from Latin intingō (“to dip in”), formed on tingō (“to wet, dip, dye”). Ciorănescu derives it from the simple verb, and MDA2 from Romanian în- and the simple verb. The REW sets it…
întoarce
It is inherited from Latin intorqueō (“to twist, turn round”), through a Vulgar Latin form *intorcō with the stem of *torcō, from torqueō (“to twist, turn”). Ciorănescu allows that it may also be…
întort
It is inherited from Latin intortus (“twisted, crooked”), the past participle of intorqueō (“to twist, turn”). Ciorănescu follows Pușcariu, Tiktin and the DAR in this, and compares the verb…
întortochea
In DEX and MDA2 it is inherited from Vulgar Latin *intorticulō, a verb reconstructed on intortus (“twisted”), the participle of intorqueō (“to twist”). Pușcariu, in his dictionary and in volume VII…
intra
It is inherited from Latin intrō (“to go into, enter”). Wiktionary takes the modern form as a change of the original întra. The first person singular is Aromanian întru, Megleno-Romanian antru and…
între
It is inherited from Latin inter (“between, among”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian ntră, Megleno-Romanian antri and Istro-Romanian ăntre. The word was kept in French entre, Occitan…
întreba
It is inherited from Latin interrogō (“to ask, question”), itself formed from inter- and rogō (“to ask”). The same change of /g/ to /b/ is seen in limbă from lingua. Because only /gw/ was thought…
întreg
It is inherited from Latin integrum (“untouched, whole”), the accusative form. The DA analyses the Latin adjective as in- (“not”) and the stem of tangō (“to touch”). The ⟨r⟩ moved early, before the…
introduce
It is a learned borrowing, borrowed from Latin intrōdūcō (“to lead or bring in”). The dictionaries differ on the role of French: DEX 2009 and NODEX give Latin and compare French introduire, Marcu's…
întru
It is inherited from Latin intrō (“inside, within”), a Latin adverb that became a preposition in the Romance languages. Candrea and Densusianu point to its prepositional use in the Latin veterinary…
întuneca
It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *intunicō (“to cover with a tunic”), from Latin tunica (“tunic”). Byhan proposed it, and Densusianu, Weigand, Pușcariu, Candrea and Spitzer followed. The…
întunereca
In Candrea and Densusianu's view it is inherited from Vulgar Latin *intenebricō (“to darken”), on tenebricus (“dark, gloomy”). The expected outcome would have been ⟨*întinereca⟩: they explain the…
întuneric
It is formed from Romanian în + tuneric, from the old noun for “darkness”, used after the prepositions de, din, în, întru and prin. Tuneric is from Latin tenebricus (“dark, gloomy”), an adjective…
învăța
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *invitiō (“to accustom”), a Vulgar Latin verb made on Latin vitium (“vice”). The other Romance languages have the same formation and *advitiō: Italian avvezzare and…
învenina
In DEX it is inherited from Latin invenenō (“to poison”). The DA, followed by Tiktin, gives Latin venenō (“to poison”), with or without the prefix in-, and Șăineanu the plain verb. The Latin verb is…
învește
It is inherited from Latin investiō (“to clothe, cover”), itself from in- and vestiō (“to clothe”). Ciorănescu writes the etymon ⟨(in)vestīre⟩, allowing for the simple verb as well. The Latin verb…
învinge
It is formed from Romanian în- + vince, the old verb for “to defeat” being from Latin vincō (“to conquer”). Ciorănescu takes the whole verb straight from the Latin verb. The /g/ of the modern form…
învita
It is inherited from Latin invītō (“to invite, entertain; to encourage”). De Vaan explains the Latin verb as a prefixed in- with a derived verb meaning “to pursue”, from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁-…
învoalbe
It is inherited from Latin involvō (“to roll up, wrap”), itself from in- and volvō (“to roll”). Tiktin notes a change of conjugation in the variant învolba; other variants are volba and învolbi. The…
istoric
It is borrowed from Latin historicus (“historical”), with French historique and Italian istorico as models, the three sources DEX and MDA2 give. Ciorănescu separates the noun from the adjective: the…
istorie
It is a learned word of the 17th century, borrowed from Latin historia, with Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía) as a possible second source: Ciorănescu, Tiktin, the DA and Wiktionary leave both open…
iță
It is inherited from Latin licia, the plural of licium (“thread, leash of a loom”). Ciorănescu cites Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu, and the REW for it. The Latin word has no Indo-European…
iuo
It is inherited from Latin ubi (“where”), whose beginning was confused with ibi (“there”). Tiktin starts from a spoken Latin *ubĭ with a short final vowel, as the Italian form shows, and finds the…
jneapăn
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ienīperus (“juniper”), the popular form of Latin iūniperus. DELI finds the popular form written giniperus about 800 AD. Wiktionary takes the word from the variant…
joc
It is inherited from Latin iocus (“joke, jest”). In Latin the word meant a jest in words, while a game in action was lūdus; the Romance languages gave it the sense of play. The sense of dance comes…
joi
It is inherited from Latin diēs Iovis (“day of Jupiter”), with the noun “day” left out. Iovis is the genitive of Iuppiter (“Jupiter”). The word survives south of the Danube: Aromanian gioi and…
jos
It is inherited from Late Latin diōsum, a popular form of Latin deorsum (“downwards”) that is also recorded as deosum. The Latin word was formed from dē- and vorsum, the old form of versum…
juca
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *iocāre (“to play”), the active form spoken Latin used instead of the classical deponent Latin iocārī (“to jest, joke”). The Latin verb is formed on iocus (“joke…
jude
It is inherited from Latin iūdex (“judge”). The singular continues the Latin nominative, while the old plural ⟨judeci⟩ continues iūdicēs, as in cap with its plural ⟨capete⟩; a singular ⟨judec⟩ was…
judeca
It is inherited from Latin iūdicō (“to judge”). The Latin verb is made from iūdex (“judge”), a compound of iūs (“law”) with the root of dīcō (“to say”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian…
judecată
It is inherited from Latin iūdicāta, the plural of iūdicātum (“a thing judged, a judgement”) taken as a feminine singular. The Latin noun comes from the verb iūdicō (“to judge”). Wiktionary and…
judecător
It is formed from Romanian judeca + -ător, the verb with the agent suffix. The verb judeca is from Latin iūdicō (“to judge”). Candrea and Densusianu derived the noun directly from Latin…