Etymology and origin of the Romanian word înfira
- Confidence
- Probable
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- 1681 Dosoftei More words from the 17th century
- Ultimate origin
- Latin fīlum
Etymology tree
From the same root
Forms
Verb: third-person singular present înfiră, past participle înfirat; 1st conjugation.[1]
Etymology
It is formed from Romanian în- + fir, the noun meaning “thread”.[2][3][4][5][6] Candrea and Densusianu took it from a Latin *infīlāre, comparing Italian infilare, French enfiler, Spanish enhilar and Portuguese enfiar.[7][1] fir is from Latin fīlum (“thread”).[6] The verb has a parallel Aromanian nhir.[8][1]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin dates the first record to Dosoftei in 1681, with the sense “to embroider with gold thread”.[5]
Semantic evolution
The main sense is to sew or embroider with metal thread; the word is used mostly in the participle, as in Negruzzi's peptarul lui înfirat “his embroidered waistcoat”.[4][5] The dictionaries also give “to thread a needle” and “to string beads”, which the DA suspects come from confusion with înșira.[4] Ciorănescu notes a variant înfiera, with the Moldavian pronunciation, used for hair or a moustache beginning to grow and in Bucovina for water beginning to boil.[6][3] Coșbuc used it for winding spun yarn.[9]
Timeline
- 1681 – “to embroider with gold” in Dosoftei.[5]
Meanings
Verb
- (transitive, rare) To sew or embroider with metal thread.[2][3][1]
- (transitive, rare) To wind spun yarn.[2][3]
- (rare) To thread a needle; to string beads.[3][10]
Related words
- fir
- înșira
- Aromanian nhir
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 546
- ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1227
- ^ a b c Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. înfira
- ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. înfirá
- ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. fir
- ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
- ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 734
- ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 628
- ^ Bulgăr, Gheorghe; Constantinescu-Dobridor, Gheorghe (2002), Dicționar de arhaisme și regionalisme, 2 vols., București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. înfira
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Înfira.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEnfira. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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