îniepta

Forms

îniepta (present îniept or înieptez, past participle înieptat) first conjugation^[1][2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin iniectō (“to lay on, throw in”), the frequentative of iniciō formed on its past participle iniectus.^[4][5][3][6] Candrea and Densusianu and the DA took this view, and Ciorănescu reports it.^[1][5] The Latin verb, rare and poetic, meant “to lay on” the hands.^[7] Candrea and Densusianu compared Occitan enjitâ.^[1]

Tiktin and Pascu explained it instead as the verb aiepta with its prefix changed to în-, and DER gives that view beside the Latin one.^[1] Tiktin and the DA in any case compare that verb, which has the same senses.^[2][5] Wiktionary calls the word a doublet of the learned loan injecta.^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is the Lexicon de la Buda of 1825, which glosses it “to rush, throw oneself with force” and, as a reflexive, “to take a run-up”.^[4][2][5] The verb abstract înieptare “effort” is recorded there as well.^[5]

Semantic evolution

The word has stayed rare and regional.^[1][4] Its main literary record is a folk tale of Ion Pop Reteganul, where two wrestlers „se zvârcoliră și se-nieptară” “writhed and lunged”.^[8][2] Stamati's dictionary gives the sense “to strain, make an effort”, which MDA2 and the DA record as a third sense.^[5][4]

Timeline

• 1825 – îniepta “to rush, hurl oneself” and înieptare in the Lexicon de la Buda.^[4][5]
• 19th century – the sense “to strain” in Stamati's dictionary.^[5]
• late 19th century – se-nieptară “lunged” in Reteganul's tales.^[2][8]

Meanings

Verb

1. (regional, rare) To hurl or throw, and as a reflexive to rush, dash or lunge at something.^[4][1][3]
2. (reflexive) To take a run-up before a leap.^[4][5]
3. (reflexive) To strain, make a great effort.^[4][9]

Related words

• aiepta
• Latin iniectō

Usage notes

DER, MDA2 and the DLRLC give the present îniept, Tiktin and the DAR înieptez.^[1][8][2][9]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. îniepta
2. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. îniepta
3. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1238
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. îniepta
6. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
8. ^ a b c Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 643
9. ^ a b Bulgăr, Gheorghe; Constantinescu-Dobridor, Gheorghe (2002), Dicționar de arhaisme și regionalisme, 2 vols., București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. îniepta