Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word închega

Confidence
Probable
Formation
Inherited
First attested
c. 1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
Inherited from
Latin *inclago
Ultimate origin
Latin coāgulō

Forms

închega (third-person singular present încheagă, past participle închegat, third-person subjunctive închege); first conjugation.[1] Old texts often spell it închiega: the Bucharest Bible of 1688 has Job ask „Au nu … m-ai închiegat pre mine…?” “have you not curdled me?”[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *inclagāre (“to curdle”), formed with in- on Latin coāgulō (“to curdle”), according to DELR, which follows Tiktin, Candrea–Densusianu, the DA and DEX.[3][4] MDA2 writes the etymon as *in-coagulare.[5] Candrea and Densusianu trace the steps: the unstressed vowel was lost (*incuaglare), the /w/ dropped (*incaglare), and the /l/ moved forward by metathesis.[6] DELR also notes Scriban's alternative, a Romanian derivative of cheag (“rennet”), which is itself *clagum from Latin coāgulum.[3]

The verb survives in all four branches: Aromanian ncljeg, Megleno-Romanian ăncl'igari and Istro-Romanian âncl'egå.[3][7] Its Romance cognates include Italian cagliare and quagliare, French cailler, Spanish cuajar and Portuguese coalhar.[8][6] Romanian coagula is a later borrowing of the same Latin verb.[9][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR dates the first record to about 1500.[3] The Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century has the plural participle închegați in Psalm 67:16.[10] The Psaltirea Scheiană has „Închegă-se ca laptele inema lor” “their heart is curdled like milk” (Psalm 118:70).[2]

Semantic evolution

The first sense was the curdling of milk with rennet; by extension it was used of blood and of melted fat setting.[11][5] In popular belief witches could make even water set solid; hence mincinos de încheagă apele “a liar who could curdle the waters”, of a great liar or a very cunning person.[11][2][4] The Bible of 1688 already says of the Red Sea that „să închegară ca păreții apele” “the waters stood up like walls”.[12]

From the 19th century the reflexive took figurative senses: to come together firmly, of a friendship or a crowd, and to take shape or come into being.[2][5][4] Tiktin quotes Nădejde for words that would not hold together and for money put by.[2]

Timeline

  • early 16th century – închegați in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.[10][3]
  • 1581 – Coresi's Carte de învățătură, the first record MDA2 gives.[5]
  • 1688 – închegară “they set” in the Bucharest Bible.[12]
  • 1822 – the adjective închegător “curdling”.[3]
  • 1829 – închegătură “curdling; joint”.[3]
  • 1885 – închegătoare, the shepherds' milking pail, also a plant name (herb Robert).[3]

Meanings

Verb

  1. (reflexive and transitive) To curdle or coagulate, to set; to make milk curdle with rennet.[4][13]
  2. (reflexive, rare) To come together and hold fast; to unite firmly.[4][5]
  3. (reflexive, figurative) To take shape, to come into being: Prietenia lor s-a închegat în tabără.[4][5]

Word family

  • închegătură
  • închegătoare
  • cheag
  • coagula
  • Aromanian ncljeg

Usage notes

The phrase minte de încheagă apele means a very sharp mind.[4] DELR records a hypercorrect variant împiega.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. închega
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. cheag
  4. ^ a b c d e f g DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1, 539
  5. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1206
  6. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. s.v. închega
  7. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 738
  8. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 2005
  9. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 18
  10. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 67:16
  11. ^ a b Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. închega
  12. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Ex 15:8
  13. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. închega

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Închega.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEnchega. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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