Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word înghiți

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
Inherited from
Latin ingluttio
Ultimate origin
Latin gluttiō

Pronunciation

  • /ɨn.ɡiˈt͡si/[1]

Forms

înghiți (third-person singular present înghite, past participle înghițit, third-person subjunctive înghită) 4th conjugation[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Late Latin ingluttiō (“to swallow down”).[2][3][1][4][5] The Latin verb is formed from in- and gluttiō (“to gulp down”).[1] Candrea and Densusianu cite it from Isidore and the Latin glossaries.[5] Ciorănescu and Wiktionary derive the Romanian form through an intermediate stage with /ɡʲu/, later reduced to /ɡʲ/;[2][1] Ciorănescu compares ghimpe.[2][1]

It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian ngl'it and Megleno-Romanian angl'it.[2] There the verb moved to another conjugation, with infinitives in ⟨-are⟩.[5] Its Romance cognates include Italian inghiottire, Sardinian inguttire, French engloutir, Occitan englotir and Catalan englutir.[2][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is the form înghiți in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century, at Psalm 105:18.[7] Tiktin cites the Psaltirea Scheiană (Psalm 34:25), and MDA2 the Codicele Voronețean (c. 1563–1583).[8][3] There the devil prowls like a lion, „cerându meștire se înghiță” “seeking someone to swallow”.[9]

Semantic evolution

The verb meant swallowing food from the start, and by extension eating and devouring.[9][10] Figurative uses followed: of the earth or the sea, to make something disappear; of money, to take it for oneself: „Banii mânăstirilor nu i-au mai dat nicidecum, ci i-au înghițit el” “he never paid the monasteries' money, but swallowed it himself”.[8][10] From the sense “put up with” come idioms such as a înghiți hapul or a înghiți gălușca “to swallow the pill”, a înghiți în sec “to swallow with an empty mouth” and a înghiți strâmb “to swallow the wrong way”.[3][11] Proverbs use it too: Peștele cel mare înghite pe cel mic “the big fish eat the small ones”.[8]

Romanian formed înghițitură “a gulp, a mouthful” and înghițitoare “gullet, larynx”, which Candrea and Densusianu compare with Old Italian inghiottitoio.[2][5]

Timeline

  • early 16th century – înghiți in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.[7]
  • c. 1563–1583 – in the Codicele Voronețean.[3][9]
  • 1570 – in Coresi's psalter (Psalms 57:9 and 105:18).[12]
  • c. 1573–1578 – in the Psaltirea Scheiană (Psalm 34:25).[8]
  • c. 1660 – the form înghite in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[13]
  • 1688 – some thirty occurrences in the Bucharest Bible.[14]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To swallow food or drink; by extension, to eat, to devour.[10][3][1]
  2. To breathe in deeply: air, smoke.[10][1]
  3. (figurative; of earth, water) To engulf, to make disappear: l-a înghițit pământul “the earth swallowed him”, he vanished or died; also to soak up, absorb.[10]
  4. (figurative) To read a book or text quickly and greedily.[10]
  5. (figurative) To endure an insult or a wrong without answering back;[10][3] a înghiți hapul “to put up with something unpleasant”.[10][3]
  6. To swallow syllables or words in speaking; to hold back what one meant to say.[10]
  7. (chiefly in the negative) a nu înghiți pe cineva “not to stomach someone”.[10][1]

Word family

  • înghițitor
  • înghițitoare
  • înghițitură

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. înghiți
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1234
  4. ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 853
  5. ^ a b c d Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
  6. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 4423
  7. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 105:18
  8. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. înghițí
  9. ^ a b c Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. înghiți
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 548
  11. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 637
  12. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 57:9
  13. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. înghite
  14. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Ex 7:12

Related etymologies

  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
  • sta · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Înghiți.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEnghi%C8%9Bi. Accessed 11 Nov. 2026.

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