Etymology and origin of the Romanian word înghiți
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
- Inherited from
- Latin ingluttio
- Ultimate origin
- Latin gluttiō
Pronunciation
- /ɨn.ɡiˈt͡si/[1]
Forms
înghiți (third-person singular present înghite, past participle înghițit, third-person subjunctive înghită) 4th conjugation[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Late Latin ingluttiō (“to swallow down”).[2][3][1][4][5] The Latin verb is formed from in- and gluttiō (“to gulp down”).[1] Candrea and Densusianu cite it from Isidore and the Latin glossaries.[5] Ciorănescu and Wiktionary derive the Romanian form through an intermediate stage with /ɡʲu/, later reduced to /ɡʲ/;[2][1] Ciorănescu compares ghimpe.[2][1]
It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian ngl'it and Megleno-Romanian angl'it.[2] There the verb moved to another conjugation, with infinitives in ⟨-are⟩.[5] Its Romance cognates include Italian inghiottire, Sardinian inguttire, French engloutir, Occitan englotir and Catalan englutir.[2][6]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is the form înghiți in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century, at Psalm 105:18.[7] Tiktin cites the Psaltirea Scheiană (Psalm 34:25), and MDA2 the Codicele Voronețean (c. 1563–1583).[8][3] There the devil prowls like a lion, „cerându meștire se înghiță” “seeking someone to swallow”.[9]
Semantic evolution
The verb meant swallowing food from the start, and by extension eating and devouring.[9][10] Figurative uses followed: of the earth or the sea, to make something disappear; of money, to take it for oneself: „Banii mânăstirilor nu i-au mai dat nicidecum, ci i-au înghițit el” “he never paid the monasteries' money, but swallowed it himself”.[8][10] From the sense “put up with” come idioms such as a înghiți hapul or a înghiți gălușca “to swallow the pill”, a înghiți în sec “to swallow with an empty mouth” and a înghiți strâmb “to swallow the wrong way”.[3][11] Proverbs use it too: Peștele cel mare înghite pe cel mic “the big fish eat the small ones”.[8]
Romanian formed înghițitură “a gulp, a mouthful” and înghițitoare “gullet, larynx”, which Candrea and Densusianu compare with Old Italian inghiottitoio.[2][5]
Timeline
- early 16th century – înghiți in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.[7]
- c. 1563–1583 – in the Codicele Voronețean.[3][9]
- 1570 – in Coresi's psalter (Psalms 57:9 and 105:18).[12]
- c. 1573–1578 – in the Psaltirea Scheiană (Psalm 34:25).[8]
- c. 1660 – the form înghite in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[13]
- 1688 – some thirty occurrences in the Bucharest Bible.[14]
Meanings
Verb
- To swallow food or drink; by extension, to eat, to devour.[10][3][1]
- To breathe in deeply: air, smoke.[10][1]
- (figurative; of earth, water) To engulf, to make disappear: l-a înghițit pământul “the earth swallowed him”, he vanished or died; also to soak up, absorb.[10]
- (figurative) To read a book or text quickly and greedily.[10]
- (figurative) To endure an insult or a wrong without answering back;[10][3] a înghiți hapul “to put up with something unpleasant”.[10][3]
- To swallow syllables or words in speaking; to hold back what one meant to say.[10]
- (chiefly in the negative) a nu înghiți pe cineva “not to stomach someone”.[10][1]
Word family
- înghițitor
- înghițitoare
- înghițitură
Related words
- Latin gluttiō
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. înghiți
- ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1234
- ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 853
- ^ a b c d Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 4423
- ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 105:18
- ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. înghițí
- ^ a b c Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. înghiți
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 548
- ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 637
- ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 57:9
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. înghite
- ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Ex 7:12
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Înghiți.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEnghi%C8%9Bi. Accessed 11 Nov. 2026.
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