Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word învăța

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
Inherited from
Latin *invitio
Ultimate origin
Latin vitium

Pronunciation

  • /ɨn.vəˈt͡sa/[1]

Forms

învăța (third-person singular present învață, past participle învățat, third-person subjunctive învețe), 1st conjugation; present învăț[1][2]

Etymology

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *invitiō (“to accustom”), a Vulgar Latin verb made on Latin vitium (“vice”).[3][2][4][5][6][1] The other Romance languages have the same formation and *advitiō: Italian avvezzare and invezzare, Occitan envezar, Old French envoisier and Spanish avezar.[3][7][1] The DA notes that the Lexicon de la Buda (1825) already linked it with the Italian verb.[5][3]

It survives in all four branches: Aromanian nvets, Megleno-Romanian anveț and Istro-Romanian ânmeţå.[3][8][9] Albanian mësoj is compared by Candrea and Densusianu, and Wiktionary derives it from the same Vulgar Latin verb.[7][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is the infinitive învăța in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century, in the sense “to teach”.[10] MDA2 dates it to the Codicele Voronețean (c. 1563–1583), and Tiktin to the Psaltirea Scheiană.[4][11]

Semantic evolution

The DA and Candrea–Densusianu reconstruct the first sense as “to make someone take to a vice”: the bad sense faded, and the verb came to mean “to accustom” and then “to teach” and “to learn”.[5][7] Traces of the old sense remain in cal cu învăț “a horse with a bad habit”, and in s-a învățat rău, which the DA calls a pleonasm in origin.[5] Old texts also have the senses “to advise”, “to preach” and “to order, to command”.[3][1]

Derivatives include învățător “teacher”, învățătură “learning, teaching”, învățăcel “pupil”, and învățământ “education”, formed like French enseignement.[3] The DA's suggestion of a German model, Lehrling, for învățăcel seems unnecessary to Ciorănescu.[3]

Timeline

  • early 16th century – învăța “to teach” in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.[10]
  • c. 1563–1583 – învăța in the Codicele Voronețean.[4]
  • 1570 – învăț “I teach” in Coresi's psalter.[12]
  • 1688 – „Doamne, învață-ne să ne rugăm” “Lord, teach us to pray” in the Bucharest Bible (Luke 11:1).[11]
  • 1825 – the Lexicon de la Buda links the verb with Italian avvezzare.[5]

Meanings

Verb

  1. (transitive) To teach: to pass knowledge and skills on to someone; to train someone in a craft, science or art.[2][1]
  2. (transitive) To advise someone, showing them how to act.[2]
  3. (transitive) To learn, to study; to learn by heart: Învață o poezie pentru serbare.[2][1]
  4. (transitive and reflexive) To accustom; to get used to, to become familiar with: S-a învățat cu frigul.[2][1]
  5. (transitive) To learn from experience.[2]
  6. (obsolete) To order, to command.[3][1]

Word family

  • învățat
  • învățăcel
  • învățător
  • învăț
  • dezvăța
  • învățare
  • învățământ
  • învățătură

Usage notes

A (se) învăța minte means “to learn one's lesson” or “to teach someone a lesson”.[2][1] A se învăța ca faurul cu scânteile (or ca broasca cu grindina) “to get used to it as the smith to the sparks” means to get used to hardship.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 559
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. învăța
  4. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1265
  5. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. învăța
  6. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 4536
  7. ^ a b c Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. s.v. învăța
  8. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 766
  9. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
  10. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 17:39
  11. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. învăța
  12. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 50:14

Related etymologies

  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
  • sta · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Învăța.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEnv%C4%83%C8%9Ba. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·