întreg

Forms

întreg m or n (feminine singular întreagă, plural întregi)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin integrum (“untouched, whole”), the accusative form.^{[2][3][4][5][1]} The DA analyses the Latin adjective as in- (“not”) and the stem of tangō (“to touch”).^[6] The ⟨r⟩ moved early, before the ⟨t⟩ could become ⟨ț⟩ before ⟨e⟩, and the stress shifted.^[7][2] Forms with the same metathesis underlie north Italian and Rhaeto-Romance dialect words.^[5]

It survives in all four branches: Aromanian ntreg, Megleno-Romanian antreg and Istro-Romanian ăntreg.^[2][8][9] Its Romance cognates include Italian intero, Old French entre (“robust”), French entier, Spanish entero and Portuguese enteiro.^[2][10] The learned integru is a doublet from the same Latin word, borrowed in the 19th century.^[2][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Codicele Voronețean of about 1563–1583 (Acts 26:25).^[3][11]

Semantic evolution

The DA notes that the word's first meaning was negative, “untouched, unharmed”; only later, already in Latin, did it come to mean “full, healthy, complete”.^[6] Old senses include “virgin”, “innocent” and “brave”, and “of sound mind”.^[3] In mathematics it names a whole number.^[4][2] The 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons gloss it with Slavonic words for chastity and wholeness, such as Old Church Slavonic цѣломудрие (cělomudrie).^[12]

Derivatives include întregime “wholeness”, the old întregie and întregiune, and the verb întregi “to complete”.^[2][7]

Timeline

• c. 1563–1583 – first record, in the Codicele Voronețean.^[3][11]
• 1649 – întreg in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.^[13]
• 19th century – the doublet integru borrowed from Latin.^[2]

Meanings

Adjective

1. whole, entire, complete; from which nothing has been taken: pe de-a-ntregul “wholly”.^[4][3][1]
2. Untouched, unharmed, sound;^[4] (figurative) steadfast, of integrity.^[4][2]
3. Of periods of time: full: un an întreg “a whole year”.^[4]
4. (mathematics) Of a number: obtained by adding one to itself; integer.^[4]

Noun

1. A whole, a totality;^[4] (mathematics) a whole number.^[4][2]

Word family

• întregime
• întregie
• întregiune
• întregi

Related words

• integru
• integritate
• Aromanian ntreg

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. întreg
3. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1258
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 557
5. ^ a b Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 78
6. ^ a b Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. întreg
7. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. 886
8. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne
9. ^ Popovici, Iosif (1909), Dialectele romîne din Istria II: texte și glosar, Halle a. S.
10. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 4479
11. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. întreg
12. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. întreagă
13. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. întreg