Etymology and origin of the Romanian word între
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1451 More words from the 15th century
- Inherited from
- Latin inter
- Ultimate origin
- Proto-Indo-European *h₁enter
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /ɨn.tre/[1]
Forms
între (+accusative)[1] An old and regional variant întră is recorded, for instance in an 1814 calendar: „Adormind pe Samson întră genunchele ei” “making Samson sleep upon her knees”.[2][3]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin inter (“between, among”).[4][5][6][1][7] It survives in all four branches: Aromanian ntră, Megleno-Romanian antri and Istro-Romanian ăntre.[4][8][9] The word was kept in French entre, Occitan entre, Spanish entre and Portuguese entre, while Italian tra goes back to intrā (“within”).[4][10][11] The DA explains the variant ⟨întră⟩ and some senses by the influence of the same Latin adverb.[2] The Latin preposition comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁enter (“between”).[1][12]
In the old language the word also continued Latin ante (“before”): the DA and Candrea–Densusianu take the word in the sense “in front of” from an earlier ⟨înte⟩, reshaped by confusion with the preposition meaning “between”, and MDA2 gives it a separate entry.[13][14][5] Ciorănescu treats it as one word confused with the Latin preposition, used in this sense until the 17th century.[4] In Istro-Romanian the same form still means “in front of, before”.[15]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin dates the first record to 1451.[16] In Romanian texts the word is frequent from the Hurmuzaki Psalter of the early 16th century on.[17] MDA2 cites it first from the Codicele Voronețean, of about 1563–1583, which also has the old sense “in front of”: „Că adecă giudețulu între ușe stă” “for behold, the judge standeth before the door”.[5][13]
Semantic evolution
The core sense is the space separating two points or beings, as in Clain's Bible: „Și au despărțit D-zeu între lumină și între întunerec” “and God divided the light from the darkness”.[16] The old texts repeated the preposition before each term in this way.[16][18] From the spatial sense came “among, in the midst of”, the interval of time between two events, the partitive “of, out of”, reciprocity (între ei “among themselves”) and approximation (între 12 și 13 “between twelve and one”).[6][5]
The sense “in front of, in the presence of”, from Latin ante, is common in the 16th-century psalters and the Codicele Voronețean and lasted into the 17th century.[4][13] It survives regionally: the Oltenian glossary records între “in the presence of”.[19] In Transylvania the word can also mean “in”.[5]
Compounded with other prepositions it formed dintre, with de, and printre, with prin;[4] Candrea and Scriban took printre from Latin per inter.[4] Under French entre-, între- became a prefix of new words.[4][3]
Timeline
- 1451 – the first record Tiktin gives.[16]
- early 16th century – frequent in the Hurmuzaki Psalter.[17]
- c. 1563–1583 – in the Codicele Voronețean, also in the sense “in front of”.[5][13]
- 1649 – in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[20]
- 1688 – some 276 times in the Bucharest Bible, beginning with Genesis 1:4.[21]
Meanings
Preposition
- between: in the space separating two things or beings: între munți “between the mountains”; also among, in the midst of: între străini “among strangers”.[6][1]
- In the time between two events: L-a sunat între două ședințe. Între timp means “meanwhile”.[6]
- Of, out of (a group): cel mai bun între toți “the best of all”.[6]
- Expressing reciprocity: with each other: S-au certat între ei.[6]
- Among, to each of (with verbs of dividing): Au împărțit banii între ei.[6]
- Approximately, between (two limits): între 10 și 11 “between ten and eleven o'clock”.[6]
- (obsolete) Before, in front of, in the presence of.[5][13]
Word family
Related words
- Latin inter
Usage notes
Între- is also a combining element, from Latin inter, that expresses reciprocity or mixture in words such as întretăia “to intersect” and întredeschide “to half-open”.[6][22] The fixed expressions a fi între ciocan și nicovală “to be between the hammer and the anvil” and cu coada între picioare “with one's tail between one's legs” use the preposition.[6]
References
- ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. între¹
- ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 702
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. între
- ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1257
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 556
- ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 78
- ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 21
- ^ Popovici, Iosif (1909), Dialectele romîne din Istria II: texte și glosar, Halle a. S., p. 90
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 4485
- ^ Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. între²
- ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. s.v. între
- ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
- ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. între
- ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 5:5
- ^ Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État, p. s.v. între
- ^ Cazacu, Boris (coord.) et al. (1967), Glosar dialectal. Oltenia, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 55
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. între
- ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Genesis 1:4
- ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 672
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Între.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEntre. Accessed 11 Nov. 2026.
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