Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word îns

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1570 Coresi's Psalter More words from the 16th century
Inherited from
Latin ipsus
Ultimate origin
Latin ipse
Derivations

Forms

îns m or n (feminine singular însă, masculine plural înși, feminine/neuter plural înse)[1] Old texts join it to cu “with” as cunusul, cununsul or cunînsul “with him”, and to other prepositions as într-îns, cătr-îns and spr-îns.[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin ipsus (“himself”), the old form of ipse that Plautus and Cato still use, with its feminine continued as însă.[3][4][5][1][6] The Latin pronoun goes back to Proto-Italic *e(s)peso, a compound of the pronoun is with a particle.[7]

The /n/ is not in the Latin word, though Latin itself has the spelling ⟨inpsuius⟩, and the DA puts the /n/ down to the many words with the prefix in-.[8][1] Densusianu and Candrea explain it instead from groups like ⟨in ipso⟩ and ⟨cum ipso⟩, where the /n/ of the preposition spread to the pronoun, and see the same in Sardinian insoru.[2][3][5]

The pronoun survives in all four branches: Aromanian nãs or nis, Megleno-Romanian ons and Istro-Romanian ăns.[3][9][10][11] Its Romance cognates include Italian esso, Sardinian issu, Occitan eis, Spanish ese and Portuguese esse.[12][3][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is the 16th-century Psaltirea Scheiană (Psalm 43:5).[13] The masculine îns is in Coresi's Psalter of 1570 (Psalm 43:6 and others).[14] The DA quotes the emphatic use from these psalters, „Tu ești însă împăratul mieu” “thou art my king thyself” (Coresi).[8]

Semantic evolution

In the old language îns was the pronoun of identity, “himself, the very”, used before or after a noun (Coresi's îns împăratul “the emperor himself”), and also a personal pronoun after prepositions.[3][8] Until the 18th century the unarticled forms were the usual ones, after which only the articled forms were used; in the 19th century they became rarer and dated.[8]

Its place as the pronoun of identity was taken by the compound însumi (însuți, însuși, înșine …), and as a personal pronoun by dânsul, formed with de.[3][13] Today the old pronoun lives on in printr-însul, într-însul and in ele însele.[4][3] Ciorănescu also derives from it the noun ins “individual”, said as îns until the middle of the 19th century, and the conjunction însă “but”.[3] The DA compares the use of Albanian vetë “self”, which also means “individual”.[8]

Timeline

  • 1570 – îns in Coresi's Psalter.[14]
  • c. 1573–1578 – in the Psaltirea Scheiană (Psalm 43:5).[13]
  • 1649 – the plural înși in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[15]
  • 1825 – the noun insu, plural inși “persons”, in the Lexicon de la Buda (trei inși “three of them”).[16]

Meanings

Pronoun

  1. (personal pronoun, now only articled and after întru, printru) He, she, it: printr-însul “through him”.[4][17][1]
  2. (emphatic pronoun, now only the feminine plural) Himself, herself: ele însele “they themselves”.[4][17]

Noun

  1. (obsolete) A person, an individual.[17]

Adverb

  1. (obsolete) Even, precisely.[17][8]

Word family

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. 143
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. îns
  4. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 552
  5. ^ a b Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 75
  6. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  7. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  8. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. îns
  9. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 733
  10. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 211
  11. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
  12. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 4541
  13. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. îns
  14. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 43:6
  15. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. înși
  16. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 312
  17. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1244

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Îns.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEns. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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