Etymology and origin of the Romanian word ins
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1581–1582 Palia de la Orăștie More words from the 16th century
- Inherited from
- Latin *ipsus
- Ultimate origin
- Latin ipse
Pronunciation
- /ins/[1]
Forms
ins m (plural inși)[1] The old form is îns, plural înși: „Doisprădzeace înși suntem frați” “we are twelve brothers” (Genesis 42:13).[2]
Etymology
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ipsus, the popular form of ipse (“himself, the very one”).[3][4][5][1] Ciorănescu treats it as a use of the old pronoun îns “self”, which was pronounced with /ɨ/ until the middle of the 19th century; he explains the modern /i/ by its use in phrases.[6][1] Scriban also derives it from the pronoun.[7]
The pronoun has a nasal before /s/, which DER and DA explain by a Latin form with ⟨n⟩ written ⟨inpsuius⟩, perhaps from phrases such as in ipsō.[6][8] The pronoun survives in all four branches: Aromanian nis, Megleno-Romanian ons and Istro-Romanian ăns.[6] Its Romance cognates include Italian esso and Occitan eis.[6][9]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin's first record is the Palia de la Orăștie (1581–1582), with the plural înși after a numeral: “we are twelve brothers”.[2] A manuscript of 1692 has „Ne dusăm să săcerăm 7 înși” “seven of us went to reap”.[2]
Semantic evolution
The noun names one person among many: in old texts it mostly follows a numeral, and tot insul means “every single person”.[2][3] Dosoftei writes de 4 înși “by four men”.[2] It could sound contemptuous, as in a passage on însul left with Iliaș, a disliked logothete, and Eminescu calls a flea bietul îns “the poor fellow” in jest.[2] The spelling and pronunciation ins replaced îns from the middle of the 19th century.[6]
Timeline
- 1581–1582 – înși “men” in the Palia de la Orăștie, the first record.[2]
- 1673 – inși in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[10]
- 1688 – inși in the Bucharest Bible (Judith 4:5).[11]
- 1692 – 7 înși “seven men” in a manuscript.[2]
- mid-19th century – ins replaces the pronunciation îns.[6]
Meanings
Noun
Related words
Usage notes
Scriban records a feminine plural, două inse “two women”.[7] Tiktin marks the feminine as colloquial in Muntenia.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ins
- ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 510
- ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1141
- ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. ins
- ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. îns
- ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 644
- ^ Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. îns
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 4541
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. inși
- ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Iudith 4:5
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Ins.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/ins. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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