Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word ins

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1581–1582 Palia de la Orăștie More words from the 16th century
Inherited from
Latin *ipsus
Ultimate origin
Latin ipse

Pronunciation

Forms

ins m (plural inși)[1] The old form is îns, plural înși: „Doisprădzeace înși suntem frați” “we are twelve brothers” (Genesis 42:13).[2]

Etymology

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ipsus, the popular form of ipse (“himself, the very one”).[3][4][5][1] Ciorănescu treats it as a use of the old pronoun îns “self”, which was pronounced with /ɨ/ until the middle of the 19th century; he explains the modern /i/ by its use in phrases.[6][1] Scriban also derives it from the pronoun.[7]

The pronoun has a nasal before /s/, which DER and DA explain by a Latin form with ⟨n⟩ written ⟨inpsuius⟩, perhaps from phrases such as in ipsō.[6][8] The pronoun survives in all four branches: Aromanian nis, Megleno-Romanian ons and Istro-Romanian ăns.[6] Its Romance cognates include Italian esso and Occitan eis.[6][9]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is the Palia de la Orăștie (1581–1582), with the plural înși after a numeral: “we are twelve brothers”.[2] A manuscript of 1692 has „Ne dusăm să săcerăm 7 înși” “seven of us went to reap”.[2]

Semantic evolution

The noun names one person among many: in old texts it mostly follows a numeral, and tot insul means “every single person”.[2][3] Dosoftei writes de 4 înși “by four men”.[2] It could sound contemptuous, as in a passage on însul left with Iliaș, a disliked logothete, and Eminescu calls a flea bietul îns “the poor fellow” in jest.[2] The spelling and pronunciation ins replaced îns from the middle of the 19th century.[6]

Timeline

  • 1581–1582 – înși “men” in the Palia de la Orăștie, the first record.[2]
  • 1673 – inși in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[10]
  • 1688 – inși in the Bucharest Bible (Judith 4:5).[11]
  • 1692 – 7 înși “seven men” in a manuscript.[2]
  • mid-19th century – ins replaces the pronunciation îns.[6]

Meanings

Noun

  1. An individual, a person;[3][4][1] tot insul “everyone, every single person”.[3][4][1]

Usage notes

Scriban records a feminine plural, două inse “two women”.[7] Tiktin marks the feminine as colloquial in Muntenia.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ins
  3. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 510
  4. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1141
  5. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. ins
  6. ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. îns
  7. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 644
  8. ^ Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. îns
  9. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 4541
  10. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. inși
  11. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Iudith 4:5

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Ins.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/ins. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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