300–201 BC

Aromanian words from Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

60 Aromanian words inherited from a Latin word whose earliest known written record dates from the 3rd century BC, earliest Latin record first.

cãni
280 BC–260 BC

from Latin canis

It is inherited from Latin canis (“dog”). The word is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian câine, Megleno-Romanian cǫini and Istro-Romanian căre. In the west it gave Vegliote kuon…
ti
280 BC–200 BC

from Latin inter

1. The preposition ti “for” is a reduced form of trã: Cunia refers ti to trã, and Papahagi's dictionary refers it to tã and to the same preposition. The fuller trã is inherited from Latin inter…
trã
280 BC–200 BC

from Latin inter

It is inherited from Latin inter (“between, among”) according to Pascu, and Ciorănescu and Pușcariu list the Aromanian word with the Romanian cognate of inter, Romanian între. Papahagi derives it…
tãu
280 BC–200 BC

from Latin tuus

It is inherited from Latin tuus (“your”). Ciorănescu explains the Romanian and Aromanian vowel from a dissimilated *toum, as suum became *soum, or from *teum, remade after meum. Pascu derives the…
albu
250 BC–184 BC

from Latin albus

It is inherited from Latin albus (“white”). De Vaan traces it to Proto-Italic *alfo- (“white”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂elbʰ-o- (“white”); Wiktionary counts Ancient Greek ἀλφός (alphós…
ar
250 BC–184 BC

from Latin aro

It is inherited from Latin arō (“to plough”). The verb is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian ara, Megleno-Romanian ar and Istro-Romanian arå (Ciorănescu writes oru). Further west…
aush
250 BC–184 BC

from Latin avus

It is inherited from Latin avus (“grandfather”) with the diminutive suffix -ush. Ciorănescu notes that the regular outcome of the Latin word has disappeared, and that the form shows the added…
cheatrã
250 BC–184 BC

from Latin petra

It is inherited from Latin petra (“rock, stone”), as Nikolaidis already said. Latin borrowed the word from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”); Lewis & Short note that the native Latin word was…
cã
250 BC–184 BC

from Latin quod

It is inherited from Latin quod (“that; because”). Candrea and Densusianu explain the vowel by the change of o to ă in other unstressed monosyllables. Nikolaidis hesitated between quia (“because”)…
featã
250 BC–184 BC

from Latin feta

It is inherited from Latin fēta (“a female that has just given birth”), the noun use of the feminine of the adjective fētus (“having recently given birth”). Pascu explains the Latin word as a…
ntreb
250 BC–184 BC

from Latin interrogo

It is inherited from Latin interrogō (“to ask, question”), formed from inter (“between”) and rogō (“to ask”). The sound shape is irregular: Pușcariu, after Meyer-Lübke, and Popovici explain the b…
nãuntru
250 BC–184 BC

from Latin illac

Its origin is debated. According to Pascu it is inherited from Latin illāc (“by that way, there”) followed by intrō (“inside, within”), and compares Romanian lăuntru and Italian laentro; Candrea and…
shi
250 BC–184 BC

from Latin sic

It is inherited from Latin sīc (“so, thus, in this way”). The Latin adverb is the locative of an old demonstrative stem *so- with the particle -ce; Wiktionary explains it as the regular shortening…
sum
250 BC–184 BC

from Latin subtus

It is inherited from Latin subtus (“underneath, below”), an adverb that Latin also used as a preposition. The Latin word was formed from sub (“under”), with its ending on the model of intus…
avdu
240 BC–207 BC

from Latin audio

It is inherited from Latin audiō (“to hear”). De Vaan traces it to Proto-Italic *awizdje/o- (“to hear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eu-is (“clearly”) and *dʰh₁-ie/o- (“to render”), the same first…
loc
240 BC–207 BC

from Latin locus

It is inherited from Latin locus (“place”). The Latin noun had an older form stlocus. Walde–Hofmann and Pokorny derived it from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to place”), but de Vaan objects that…
multu
240 BC–207 BC

from Latin multus

It is inherited from Latin multus (“much, many”), and the adverb continues the neuter multum (“much, very”). De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *molto-, and links it, with doubts about the root, to…
mãn
240 BC–207 BC

from Latin maneo

It is inherited from Latin maneō (“to remain, stay”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *m(o)n-ē- and Proto-Indo-European *mn-eh₁- (“to remain”). In Romanian, mânea has narrowed to spending the…
sãmtu
240 BC–207 BC

from Latin sanctus

1. The adjective "holy" is inherited from Latin sānctus (“sacred, holy”), the participle of sanciō (“to make sacred”), from Proto-Italic *sanktos. Meyer explains the group mt from a form *samptus…
tut
240 BC–207 BC

from Latin totus

It is inherited from Latin tōtus (“whole, all”). Pascu derives it from tōtus and the form tottus, or from *tuttus, the source of Italian tutto; the spelling with double t was censured by the…
yin
240 BC–207 BC

from Latin vinum

1. The wine is inherited from Latin vīnum (“wine”). It is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian vin, Megleno-Romanian vin and Istro-Romanian vir. The Latin word lives on all over…
carni
235 BC–201 BC

from Latin caro

It is inherited from Latin carō (“flesh, meat”), through its accusative case, as Nikolaidis also derived it. The word is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian carne…
cãntu
235 BC–201 BC

from Latin canto

It is inherited from Latin cantō (“to sing”), a derivative of canō (“to sing”); Nikolaidis names both Latin verbs. De Vaan traces canō to Proto-Italic *kan-e- and Proto-Indo-European *kh₂n-e- (“to…
cãtrã
235 BC–200 BC

from Latin contra

It is inherited from Latin contra (“against, opposite”), which in Latin meant "in front of, against". De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *kom-tero- (“the other of two who meet, opposite”), from…
faptu
235 BC–201 BC

from Latin factum

It is inherited from Latin factum (“deed, act”) as a noun and the Latin past participle factus (“done, made”) as an adjective, both from faciō (“to do, make”); Katsanis and Dinas list it as the…
fãrã
235 BC–200 BC

from Latin foras

It is inherited from Latin forās (“out of doors, outside”), an adverb that Latin also used as a preposition. Candrea and Densusianu explain the change of o to ă as regular, since the word is…
inimã
235 BC–201 BC

from Latin anima

It is inherited from Latin anima (“breath, soul”), which Pascu glosses soul and heart; he derives the Aromanian form through an older *înemă. De Vaan gives anima as a derivative of animus, from…
lumi
235 BC–201 BC

from Latin lumen

It is inherited from Latin lūmen (“light”), through the sense "light of life". The word is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian lume, Megleno-Romanian lumi and Istro-Romanian lúme…
minti
235 BC–201 BC

from Latin mens

It is inherited from Latin mēns (“mind”), in the accusative mentem. The word is shared by Romanian minte and Megleno-Romanian minti, and survives across Romance: Italian mente, Spanish miente…
ningã
235 BC–200 BC

from Latin umquam

1. The adverb is inherited from Latin unquam (“ever, at any time”) according to Pascu, Candrea and Densusianu, Capidan and Ciorănescu. Candrea and Densusianu explain the initial n of the Aromanian…
nu
235 BC–200 BC

from Latin non

It is inherited from Latin nōn (“not”). Nikolaidis gave the same Latin source. The adverb is shared by the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian nu, Megleno-Romanian nu and Istro-Romanian nu…
numir
235 BC–201 BC

from Latin numerus

1. The number is inherited from Latin numerus (“number”). The noun is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian număr, Megleno-Romanian numir and Istro-Romanian lumer, whose form…
semnu
235 BC–200 BC

from Latin signum

It is inherited from Latin signum (“mark, sign”), a derivation Nikolaidis already gave. Pascu lists for the Latin word the senses mark, imprint, trace, seal, standard, omen, gesture and troop, which…
stau
235 BC–201 BC

from Latin sto

It is inherited from Latin stō (“to stand, halt”). Pascu traces the second stem of the verb, seen in the imperfect and in the second infinitive (see Forms), to the Latin perfect stetī. The verb is…
tsãn
235 BC–201 BC

from Latin teneo

It is inherited from Latin teneō (“to hold”). De Vaan traces it to Proto-Italic *t(e)nē- and Proto-Indo-European *tn-eh₁- (“to hold”). The word is common to the four Eastern Romance languages…
yiu
235 BC–201 BC

from Latin vivus

It is inherited from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”). The Oxford Latin Dictionary derives the adjective from vīvō (“to live”); Wiktionary traces it to Proto-Italic *gʷīwos and Proto-Indo-European…
per
234 BC–149 BC

from Latin pirus

1. The pear tree is inherited from Latin pirus (“pear tree”), and the neuter noun for the fruit continues pirum (“pear”). The tree has the same name in Romanian păr, Megleno-Romanian per and…
trec
234 BC–149 BC

from Latin traicio

It is inherited from Latin trāiciō (“to throw across, to cross”), formed from trāns- (“across”) and iaciō (“to throw”). Pușcariu notes that the spelling with j is an etymologising one, and that the…
es
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin exeo

It is inherited from Latin exeō (“to go out”), formed from ex- (“out of”) and eō (“to go”). Pascu explains the forms with ⟨n⟩ in the unstressed syllables from a compound *inexeō, which arose from…
fur
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin fur

1. The thief is inherited from Latin fūr (“thief”). The word is shared with archaic Romanian fur and Megleno-Romanian fur; the Latin word also survives in Italian furo and Old French fur. De Vaan…
ghini
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin bene

It is inherited from Latin bene (“well”). The word is common to Eastern Romance: Romanian bine, Megleno-Romanian bini and Istro-Romanian bire. Its western cognates include Italian bene, French bien…
gurã
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin gula

It is inherited from Latin gula (“gullet, throat”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *gulā; he rejects the traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gʷl-h₂- on phonetic grounds and thinks…
intru
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin intro

It is inherited from Latin intrō (“to go into, enter”), formed from the adverb intrā (“within, inside”). De Vaan lists both among the derivatives of inter (“between”), from Proto-Italic *ntero-…
ljau
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin levo

It is inherited from Latin levō (“to lift, raise”). Pascu traces each form of the paradigm to its Latin source, the aorist to the Latin perfect and the participle to levātus. The verb is common to…
mari
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin mas

It is probably inherited from Latin mās, marem (“male”), the idea of size having been linked with that of maleness, as Pascu and Candrea–Densusianu explain it. Candrea–Densusianu think the sense was…
moarã
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin mola

It is inherited from Latin mola (“millstone, (plural) mill”). In Latin the word meant a millstone, and in the plural a mill. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of molō (“to grind in a mill”) and…
mãni
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin mane

1. The adverb is inherited from Latin māne (“in the morning, early”). De Vaan explains the Latin word as a derivative of the adjective mānus (“good”), from Proto-Italic *māno- and…
nou
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin novus

It is inherited from Latin novus (“new”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *nowo- and Proto-Indo-European *neuo- (“new, young”). Its cognates include Ancient Greek νέος (néos) and the English…
oarã
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin hora

It is inherited from Latin hōra (“hour”). The word is shared with Romanian oară and Megleno-Romanian oară (“hour”); the Romance languages have Italian ora, French heure, Spanish hora and Vegliote…
par
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin palus

1. The stake is inherited from Latin pālus (“stake, post”). The OLD derives the Latin noun from pangō (“to fix, insert firmly”), and compares Ancient Greek πάσσαλος (pássalos, “peg”). De Vaan…
pãnã
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin paene

It is inherited from Latin paene (“almost”) followed by ad (“to”), as Pascu, Wiktionary and Capidan explain it. Pascu assumes that the Latin adverb went from "almost" to "near", as prope (“near…
searã
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin sera

It is inherited from Late Latin sēra (“evening”), which Wiktionary explains as short for sēra diēs (“late day”), from sērus (“late”). De Vaan traces sērus to Proto-Italic *sēro- (“late”) and…
singur
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin singulus

It is inherited from Latin singulus (“single, one by one; alone”), as Nikolaidis also has it. For the r in place of Latin l Pascu compares singulāris. The Latin word is mostly used in the plural…
tru
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin intro

It is inherited from Latin intrō (“inside, within”), a Latin adverb that later came to be used as a preposition. In Latin, intrō meant "inside, indoors", above all with verbs of motion; de Vaan…
tu
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin intro

1. The preposition is a shortened form of tru, which lost its r; Pascu files it among the forms of that word, Papahagi's dictionary refers from one to the other, and Cunia defines it there. That…
veduu
205 BC–184 BC

from Latin viduus

It is inherited from Latin viduus (“deprived of a husband or wife”), Wiktionary suggests through a Vulgar Latin form *viduvus. The feminine continues vidua (“widow”). The word is shared with…
cari
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin qualis

It is inherited from Latin quālis (“of what kind”). Pascu takes the genitive–dative a cui from cui, the dative of quī (“who, which”). In Latin, quālis is formed from the relative stem of quī with…
cãt
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin quantus

It is inherited from Latin quantus (“how great, how much”), and the adverb is its neuter quantum (“how much”), as Nikolaidis had said. Wiktionary and Ciorănescu add that it was probably blended with…
mur
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin murus

It is inherited from Latin mūrus (“wall”). REW lists the Aromanian word among the descendants of the Latin noun. Romanian mur in the sense of wall is a learned borrowing from Latin of the Romantic…
noi
204 BC–169 BC

from Latin nos

It is inherited from Latin nōs (“we, us”), with a final -i that has been explained in several ways: Pascu sees in it an added ending, Candrea and Densusianu the regular change of final -s to -i in…

All Aromanian words inherited from Latin, by century →