intru

Forms

intru (third-person singular intrã, participle intratã)^[1]

• Class I verb: aorist intrai, imperfect intram, participle intratã, infinitive intrari or intrare.^[2][3]
• Other spellings: ãntru and indru in Wiktionary;^[1] ÍNTRU in Papahagi's dictionary, which also records índru;^[4] intru in Mihăileanu's Romanian-based spelling;^[5] ίντρου in the Greek script of Nikolaidis;^[6] indrare (the infinitive) in Dalametra, as Pascu reports.^[7]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin intrō (“to go into, enter”),^[4][7][1][3] formed from the adverb intrā (“within, inside”).^[8][1] De Vaan lists both among the derivatives of inter (“between”), from Proto-Italic *ntero- (“interior”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁(e)n-tero- (“situated within”).^[9]

The verb is common to the Eastern Romance languages: Romanian intra, Megleno-Romanian antru and Istro-Romanian întru.^[10] Further west the Latin verb gave Italian entrare, French entrer and Spanish entrar.^[10][11]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Kavalliotis's word list of 1770, where the word, read intru by its editor, translates the Greek verb for "to go in".^[12]

Semantic evolution

Besides "to enter" and "to penetrate", Papahagi records the sense "to start beating" someone (literally "to enter into him"), and "to shrink" said of cloth in the wash.^[4] Pericle Papahagi's tales also use it for starting to eat into something, as wolves into a flock.^[13] Cunia adds the figurative senses "to begin" and "to come to one's mind, decide".^[2]

Timeline

• 1770 – intru “I go in” in Kavalliotis's word list.^[12]
• 1894 – intru “to step in, penetrate” in Weigand's glossary.^[14]
• 1901 – intru in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[5]
• 1925 – Pascu derives it from Latin intrāre.^[7]

Meanings

Verb

1. To enter, go in.^[2][4][1]
2. To penetrate, get into.^[4][5]
3. (figurative) To begin, set about; with a pronoun, to start beating or eating.^[4][2][13]
4. Of cloth, to shrink.^[4]

Related words

• Romanian intra

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 561
3. ^ a b Κατσάνης, Νικόλαος; Ντίνας, Κωνσταντίνος (1990), Γραμματική της κοινής κουτσοβλαχικής, Θεσσαλονίκη: Αρχείο Κουτσοβλαχικών Μελετών, p. 138
4. ^ a b c d e f g Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 577
5. ^ a b c Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 249
6. ^ Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 178
7. ^ a b c Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 103
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
9. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
10. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
11. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
12. ^ a b Meyer, Gustav (1895), Albanesische Studien IV: Das griechisch-südrumänisch-albanesische Wörterverzeichnis des Kavalliotis, Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, phil.-hist. Classe 132, p. 86
13. ^ a b Papahagi, Pericle (1905), Basme aromâne și glosar, București: Academia Română, p. 618
14. ^ Weigand, Gustav (1894), Die Aromunen: ethnographisch-philologisch-historische Untersuchungen, vol. II: Volksliteratur der Aromunen (with a glossary), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, p. 308