moarã

Forms

moarã f (plural mori)^[1]

• Plural mori.^[1][2][3]
• Other spellings: more in Wiktionary;^[1] MOARĂ in Papahagi's and Pascu's dictionaries;^[3][4] moáră in Mihăileanu's Romanian-based spelling^[5] and in Nikolaidis's transcription;^[6] moără in Dalametra;^[7] Moară in the glossary to P. Papahagi's tales.^[8]
• Regional forms: moáră, plural moáre, in the dialect of Metsovo.^[9]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin mola (“millstone, (plural) mill”).^[3][4][1][6] In Latin the word meant a millstone, and in the plural a mill.^[10] De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of molō (“to grind in a mill”) and traces it to Proto-Indo-European *molh₂-h₂- (“mill, millstone”), from the root *melh₂- (“to crush, grind”);^[11] Wiktionary reconstructs Proto-Italic *molā for the Proto-Italic stage.^[1] The same root gave Ancient Greek μύλη (múlē, “mill”).^[11]

The word is shared with Romanian moară and Megleno-Romanian moară, plural morur.^[12][13][14] Its western cognates include Italian mola, French meule and Spanish muela, which mean "millstone"; the words for "mill" in those languages, such as mulino and moulin, come instead from molīnus.^[12][15]

Earliest recorded meaning

Kavalliotis's Greek–Aromanian–Albanian word list of 1770 has the word as the Aromanian equivalent of Modern Greek μύλος (mýlos, “mill”).^[16]

Semantic evolution

The sense "mill" came down from Latin.^[4][1] In Aromanian it covers the building in which grain is ground, the large mill driven by water or wind, and the small hand mill for coffee or pepper.^[17][7] Papahagi records moáră di café, di pipér for a coffee or pepper grinder and a phrase in which a rattling old mill stands for a chatterbox,^[3] and Mihăileanu also compares a talkative mouth to a mill.^[5] In P. Papahagi's tales moara draclui is "the devil's grinder".^[8]

Timeline

• 1770 – the Aromanian equivalent of Greek μύλος “mill” in Kavalliotis's word list.^[16]
• 1901 – moáră “mill; coffee mill” in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[5]
• 1906 – moără “mill”, with the water mill, the windmill and the coffee mill, in Dalametra's dictionary.^[7]
• 1925 – Pascu derives it from Latin mola.^[4]

Meanings

Noun

1. A mill, the building where grain is ground.^[17][3][1]
2. The millstones and works of a mill, driven by water or wind.^[17][7]
3. A small hand mill, such as a coffee or pepper grinder.^[17][3][5]

Related words

• Romanian moară

Usage notes

Cunia also lists a moarã marked with an asterisk, which he refers to the verb mor "die": it is a form of that verb, not this noun.^[2]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 664
3. ^ a b c d e f Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 700
4. ^ a b c d Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 120
5. ^ a b c d Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 309
6. ^ a b Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 298
7. ^ a b c d Dalametra, I. (1906), Dicționar macedo-român, București: Academia Română, p. 133
8. ^ a b Papahagi, Pericle (1905), Basme aromâne și glosar, București: Academia Română, p. 643
9. ^ Δασούλας, Φώτης (2013), Το βλαχικό ιδίωμα του Μετσόβου, 2nd ed.
10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
11. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
12. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
13. ^ Candrea, I.-A. (1927–1937), Glosar megleno-romîn I–IV, Grai și suflet III: 175–209; IV: 381–413; VI: 163–193; VII: 194–233, p. 168
14. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 193
15. ^ Cihac, A. de (1870), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane I: Éléments latins comparés avec les autres langues romanes, Frankfurt am Main, p. 169
16. ^ a b Meyer, Gustav (1895), Albanesische Studien IV: Das griechisch-südrumänisch-albanesische Wörterverzeichnis des Kavalliotis, Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, phil.-hist. Classe 132, p. 87
17. ^ a b c d Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net)