avdu

Forms

avdu (third-person singular avdi or avde, participle avdzãtã)^[1]

• Verb of the fourth conjugation: third person singular avdi or avde, participle avdzãtã;^[1] aorist avdzãi, infinitive avdzãri in Cunia,^[2] aorist avdzii, participle avdzitu in Katsanis and Dinas.^[3]
• Other spellings: avd in Wiktionary;^[1] ÁVDU, aorist avdzî'i, in Papahagi's dictionary;^[4] ávdu, aorist avdzăĭ, in Mihăileanu's Romanian-based spelling;^[5] αύντου in the Greek script of Nikolaidis;^[6] Pascu lists the infinitives avdzire, avdzăre (Mihăileanu) and avzire (Boiagi).^[7]
• Weigand records the aorist avdzui beside avdzi and the participle avdzuto.^[8]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin audiō (“to hear”).^[4][7][3][1] De Vaan traces it to Proto-Italic *awizdje/o- (“to hear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eu-is (“clearly”) and *dʰh₁-ie/o- (“to render”), the same first element as in Ancient Greek ἀΐω (aḯō, “to perceive, hear”).^[9]

The word is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian auzi, the Megleno-Romanian infinitive uziri and Istro-Romanian ǫvdu.^[10][11] Further west it gave Italian udire, French ouïr, Spanish oír and Portuguese ouvir.^[12][10]

Semantic evolution

Papahagi gives three senses: to hear, to understand, and to obey.^[4] Cunia adds the reflexive s-avdi "it is said, it is heard" and the figure avdi-tuti, a folk-tale character who hears everything said, however far away.^[2] Pascu records the derivatives avdzit "heard; famous" and neavdzit, "unheard of", also a name for the devil.^[7]

Timeline

• 1813 – avzire in Boiagi's grammar, as cited by Pascu.^[7]
• 1894 – avdu “I hear” in Weigand's glossary.^[8]
• 1901 – ávdu “to hear, listen, learn” in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[5]

Meanings

Verb

1. To hear.^[2][4][1]
2. To listen; to understand.^[2][4]
3. To obey.^[4]
4. To learn (news), find out.^[5][2]

Related words

• Romanian auzi

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 163
3. ^ a b Κατσάνης, Νικόλαος; Ντίνας, Κωνσταντίνος (1990), Γραμματική της κοινής κουτσοβλαχικής, Θεσσαλονίκη: Αρχείο Κουτσοβλαχικών Μελετών, p. 137
4. ^ a b c d e f Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 243
5. ^ a b c Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 58
6. ^ Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 102
7. ^ a b c d Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 47
8. ^ a b Weigand, Gustav (1894), Die Aromunen: ethnographisch-philologisch-historische Untersuchungen, vol. II: Volksliteratur der Aromunen (with a glossary), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, p. 296
9. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
10. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
11. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
12. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter