faptu

Forms

faptu^[1]

• As an adjective, feminine faptă, plural fápți, fápte;^[2] Cunia gives the participle of fac as faptã.^[3] Katsanis and Dinas list faptu as the participle of facu.^[4]
• The noun “spell” has no plural.^[2]
• Other spellings: FÁPTU in Papahagi's dictionary;^[2] φάπτου, feminine -τὰ (faptu, -tă), in Nikolaidis's Greek script.^[5]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin factum (“deed, act”) as a noun^[6][1] and the Latin past participle factus (“done, made”) as an adjective,^[1] both from faciō (“to do, make”);^[7][1] Katsanis and Dinas list it as the participle of the verb fac.^[4] Pascu files the noun "spell" under the verb and derives it from the Latin noun.^[6] De Vaan traces the Latin verb to Proto-Italic *fak-i- and to Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-k- (“to make”), an extension of *dʰeh₁- (“to put”).^[7]

The word is shared with Romanian fapt and Megleno-Romanian fat;^[8] the Romanian noun also means "spell, bewitchment",^[8][9][10] and Ciorănescu notes that in the 16th century it was still the participle of face before făcut replaced it.^[8] Further west the Latin word gave Italian fatto, French fait, Occitan fach, Spanish hecho and Portuguese feito.^[8][10] The feminine noun faptã "deed, action" continues the Latin plural facta.^[6][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The oldest dictionary records used here are the glossary of Papahagi's folk tales of 1905, with "made" and "born",^[11] and Dalametra's dictionary of 1906, which glosses "made, built" and quotes loc faptu "ploughed land" and hiă di faptu "I am bewitched".^[12]

Semantic evolution

From "made, done" the participle also came to mean "born": eará di múmă fáptu, "he was born of a mother", says that someone was a person of worth, and eáste fáptă toámna that a girl was born in autumn.^[2][11] Of a small child it means "soiled", said of one who has dirtied his swaddling clothes,^[2][13] which Nikolaidis compares with the same use of the Greek verb for "to make".^[5] The noun means a spell or charm: hiu di faptu is "I am bewitched", and Papahagi quotes ca di fáptu, "as if by a spell".^[2][12][14]

Timeline

• 1905 – faptu “made; born” in Papahagi's glossary of folk tales.^[11]
• 1906 – faptu “made, built”, with hiă di faptu “I am bewitched”, in Dalametra's dictionary.^[12]
• 1909 – faptu “made; soiled” in Nikolaidis's dictionary.^[5]
• 1925 – Pascu derives the noun from Latin factum.^[6]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Done, made; accomplished.^{[2][11][12][1]}
2. Born.^[2][11]
3. (of a small child) Soiled with excrement.^[2][13][5]

Noun

1. A spell, charm;^{[2][6][14][12]} di faptu “bewitched”.^{[2][6][14][12]}
2. A fact.^[1]

Related words

• Romanian fapt
• fac

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 539
3. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 439
4. ^ a b Κατσάνης, Νικόλαος; Ντίνας, Κωνσταντίνος (1990), Γραμματική της κοινής κουτσοβλαχικής, Θεσσαλονίκη: Αρχείο Κουτσοβλαχικών Μελετών, p. 138
5. ^ a b c d Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 564
6. ^ a b c d e f Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 84
7. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
8. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
9. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
10. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
11. ^ a b c d e Papahagi, Pericle (1905), Basme aromâne și glosar, București: Academia Română, p. 593
12. ^ a b c d e f Dalametra, I. (1906), Dicționar macedo-român, București: Academia Română, p. 89
13. ^ a b Caragiu Marioțeanu, Matilda et al. (1997), Dicționar aromân (macedo-vlah) DIARO, A–D, București, p. 192
14. ^ a b c Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net)