trec

Forms

trec (third-person singular treatsi or treatse, participle tricutã)^[1]

• Third person singular treatsi or treatse, participle tricutã.^[1] Cunia puts it in the third and second conjugations, with the aorist tricui, the imperfect tritseam, the participle tricutã and the long infinitive treatsiri or tritseari.^[2] Katsanis and Dinas give the aorist tricui and the participle tricutu.^[3]
• Other spellings: trecu, tric and tricu in Wiktionary;^[1] trécu in Mihăileanu's Romanian-based spelling;^[4] TREC in Papahagi's dictionary;^[5] trecu in DIARO;^[6] τρέκου in Nikolaidis's Greek script, transcribed trecu;^[7] Τρέκου in Kavalliotis's word list.^[8] Pascu heads it by the long infinitive, which his sources write treatire, treatere, tretire (Boiagi) and triteare.^[9]
• Recorded forms: trek, with the subjunctive treakə, the imperfect tritseám and the aorist trikúi, in Weigand's texts;^[10] trécu, with the long infinitive trecáre and the participle -útă, in the dialect of Metsovo.^[11]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin trāiciō (“to throw across, to cross”),^{[5][9][1][12]} formed from trāns- (“across”) and iaciō (“to throw”).^[13][1] Pușcariu notes that the spelling with j is an etymologising one, and that the diphthong of trāiciō became e early, already in Common Romanian;^[12] the OLD records Latin inscriptions that spell the verb with e.^[13] Pascu follows Philippide for the etymon.^[9]

The verb is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian trece, Megleno-Romanian trec and Istro-Romanian trę́če.^{[12][14][15][16]} Cihac noted that Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Occitan and French have no descendant of the verb.^[17]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Kavalliotis's Greek–Aromanian–Albanian word list of 1770, where Τρέκου translates Modern Greek περνώ (pernó, “I pass”).^[8]

Semantic evolution

From "throw across" the Latin verb had come to mean crossing a river or a sea,^[13] and Aromanian kept the sense of passing and crossing.^[5][18] Papahagi lists further senses: of a coin, to be in circulation; to be worth, to be in demand; of a wound, to heal; to live, to get on (with someone); and, of clothes, to put on.^[5] Dalametra also records "to suffer" and trec ghini "I live well".^[19] Cunia gives the phrases nj-trec foamea "my hunger passes" and treatsi parãlu "the coin is valid".^[18] For the range of senses Papahagi compares Greek περνώ.^[5] Papahagi and Cunia also have a noun trec "concord, harmony (in a household)".^[20][2]

Timeline

• 1770 – Τρέκου “I pass” in Kavalliotis's word list.^[8]
• 1813 – the long infinitive tretire in Boiagi's grammar, as cited by Pascu.^[9]
• 1894 – trek “to pass by, to go over” in Weigand's glossary.^[10]
• 1906 – treățiri “to pass; to go through; to heal; to suffer” in Dalametra's dictionary.^[19]

Meanings

Verb

1. To pass, to go by or past; of time, to pass.^[5][18][1]
2. To cross, to traverse; to go through.^[5][18][19]
3. To call on someone, to drop in.^[19][18]
4. Of a coin, to be in circulation; to be worth, to be valued.^[5]
5. Of a wound, to heal.^[5][19]
6. To live, to get on (with someone).^[5][19]
7. To suffer, to go through hardship.^[19]
8. Of clothes, to put on.^[5]

Related words

• tricut
• astrec
• pitrec
• Romanian trece
• Megleno-Romanian trec

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 1027
3. ^ Κατσάνης, Νικόλαος; Ντίνας, Κωνσταντίνος (1990), Γραμματική της κοινής κουτσοβλαχικής, Θεσσαλονίκη: Αρχείο Κουτσοβλαχικών Μελετών, p. 142
4. ^ Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 510
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 1192
6. ^ Caragiu Marioțeanu, Matilda et al. (1997), Dicționar aromân (macedo-vlah) DIARO, A–D, București, p. 286
7. ^ Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 542
8. ^ a b c Meyer, Gustav (1895), Albanesische Studien IV: Das griechisch-südrumänisch-albanesische Wörterverzeichnis des Kavalliotis, Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, phil.-hist. Classe 132, p. 95
9. ^ a b c d Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 171
10. ^ a b Weigand, Gustav (1894), Die Aromunen: ethnographisch-philologisch-historische Untersuchungen, vol. II: Volksliteratur der Aromunen (with a glossary), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, p. 333
11. ^ Δασούλας, Φώτης (2013), Το βλαχικό ιδίωμα του Μετσόβου, 2nd ed.
12. ^ a b c Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter
13. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
14. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română
15. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
16. ^ Byhan, Arthur (1899), Istrorumänisches Glossar, Sechster Jahresbericht des Instituts für rumänische Sprache zu Leipzig: 174–366
17. ^ Cihac, A. de (1870), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane I: Éléments latins comparés avec les autres langues romanes, Frankfurt am Main
18. ^ a b c d e Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net)
19. ^ a b c d e f g Dalametra, I. (1906), Dicționar macedo-român, București: Academia Română, p. 205
20. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1045