stau

Forms

stau (third-person singular sta, participle statã or stãtutã)^[1]

• First and second conjugation: aorist stãtui, imperfect stam or stãteam, participle statã or stãtutã, infinitive stari or stãteari, in Cunia;^[2] an irregular first-conjugation verb, aorist stâtui, participle stâtutu, in Katsanis and Dinas;^[3] stătúi, stătút, stáre and stăteáre in Papahagi's dictionary.^[4]
• Other spellings: στάου (stáu), aorist στᾶτούϊ, in Nikolaidis;^[5] Στάου in Kavalliotis's word list;^[6] stau, imperative stoi, aorist stoturo, in Weigand;^[7] the infinitive stiteare in P. Papahagi and the present participle statundu in Boiagi, as cited by Pascu.^[8]
• Regional forms: stáu, infinitive stáre or stăteáre, in the dialect of Metsovo.^[9]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin stō (“to stand, halt”).^[4][8][3][1] Pascu traces the second stem of the verb, seen in the imperfect and in the second infinitive (see Forms), to the Latin perfect stetī.^[8]

The verb is common to Eastern Romance: Romanian sta (first person stau) and Istro-Romanian stå.^[10][11][12] Further west the Latin verb gave Italian stare, Old French ester, Spanish estar and Portuguese estar.^[13] De Vaan traces stō to Proto-Italic *sta-ē-je/o- (“to stand, be standing”) and Proto-Indo-European *sth₂-eh₁-ie/o- (“to stand”),^[14] from the root *steh₂-.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Kavalliotis's word list of 1770, where Στάου translates Modern Greek στέκομαι (stékomai, “I stand”).^[6]

Semantic evolution

From "to stand", the verb came to mean to stay or remain, to stop or cease, and to live somewhere.^[4][8][15] Papahagi quotes noi stăm Sărúnă "we live in Salonica" and iárba stătú "the grass stopped growing";^[4] Dalametra has stăi ghini "behave well", for Pascu's sense "to behave".^[16][8]

Timeline

• 1770 – Στάου “I stand” in Kavalliotis's word list.^[6]
• 1813 – the present participle statundu in Boiagi's grammar, as cited by Pascu.^[8]
• 1894 – stau “I stand” in Weigand's glossary.^[7]
• 1906 – stau “to stay, remain” in Dalametra's dictionary.^[16]

Meanings

Verb

1. To stand; to be, to be found somewhere.^[15][6][1]
2. To stay, remain.^[4][8][1]
3. To stop; to cease, come to an end.^[4][8][15]
4. To live, dwell.^[4][8][1]
5. To behave.^[8][16]

Related words

• stare
• stat
• stãtut
• parastau
• Romanian sta

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 966
3. ^ a b Κατσάνης, Νικόλαος; Ντίνας, Κωνσταντίνος (1990), Γραμματική της κοινής κουτσοβλαχικής, Θεσσαλονίκη: Αρχείο Κουτσοβλαχικών Μελετών, p. 141
4. ^ a b c d e f g Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 971
5. ^ Νικολαΐδης, Κωνσταντίνος (1909), Ετυμολογικόν λεξικόν της κουτσοβλαχικής γλώσσης, Αθήνα, p. 507
6. ^ a b c d Meyer, Gustav (1895), Albanesische Studien IV: Das griechisch-südrumänisch-albanesische Wörterverzeichnis des Kavalliotis, Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, phil.-hist. Classe 132, p. 109
7. ^ a b Weigand, Gustav (1894), Die Aromunen: ethnographisch-philologisch-historische Untersuchungen, vol. II: Volksliteratur der Aromunen (with a glossary), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, p. 330
8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 160
9. ^ Δασούλας, Φώτης (2013), Το βλαχικό ιδίωμα του Μετσόβου, 2nd ed.
10. ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 150
11. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
12. ^ Popovici, Iosif (1909), Dialectele romîne din Istria II: texte și glosar, Halle a. S., p. 156
13. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
14. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
15. ^ a b c Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net)
16. ^ a b c Dalametra, I. (1906), Dicționar macedo-român, București: Academia Română, p. 19