Gothic words from Proto-Germanic
247 Gothic words with Proto-Germanic in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages.
𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌿
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu (“eight”), from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“eight”). The numeral is Old Norse átta in Old Norse, Old English eahta in Old English, Old Frisian achta in…
𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *aiganą (“to own, possess”), the preterite-present that is also Old Norse eiga in Old Norse, Old English āgan in Old English, Old Frisian āga in Old Frisian, Old…
𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one”), like Old Norse einn, Old English ān, Old Frisian ān, Old Saxon ēn and Old High German ein. It continues Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos, the same…
𐌰𐌹𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *airi (“early”), which Orel takes as an old locative. The cognates are Old Norse ár, Old English ǣr, Old Saxon ēr and Old High German ēr, "early" or "before"…
𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz (“long time, age, eternity”), related to Old Norse ævi (“lifetime, age”), Old English ǣ (“law”), Old Saxon ēo (“law”) and Old High German ēwa (“eternity…
𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to grow”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”). Its Germanic cognates are Old Norse ala "to beget, bring forth" and Old English…
𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃
Wiktionary takes it as inherited from Proto-Germanic *aldaz (“old, grown up”) extended with a suffix, through a variant with þ or a ja-stem. Orel sets up a ja-stem for the Gothic word and the…
𐌰𐌻𐌻𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *allaz (“all”), which Kroonen and Orel derive from an older form with a nasal suffix, Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-nó-, close to Oscan allo (“whole”) and Old Irish…
𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *aljaz (“other”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”), the source also of Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos), Latin alius, Old Irish aile and Welsh eil. In the…
𐌰𐌽𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, onto”), with cognates in Old Norse á, Old English on, Old Frisian an, Old Saxon an and Old High German ana. Lehmann and Feist relate it to Avestan ana…
𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *anabeudaną (“to command, to order”), formed with *ana (“on”) on *beudaną (“to offer, to command”). Gothic has the simple verb only in compounds; it survives as…
𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *anþeraz (“other, second”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énteros. Lehmann explains the a of the second syllable from an unaccented e before r, as in 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐍂𐍉…
𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *augô (“eye”), with the cognates Old Norse auga, Old English ēage, Old Frisian āge, Old Saxon ōga and Old High German ouga. It goes back to the PIE word for…
𐌰𐌿𐌺
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *auk (“also”), Kroonen's and Orel's *auke. The cognates are Old Norse auk, Old English ēac, Old Frisian āk, Old Saxon ōk and Old High German ouh, and the English…
𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *aukaną (“to increase, grow”), and has cognates in the strong verb Old Norse auka and the weak verbs Old English ēacian, Old Saxon ōkian and Old High German…
𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍉
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ausô (“ear”), which the other Germanic languages continue with z in place of the Gothic s: Kroonen reconstructs *auzōn-. The cognates are Old Norse eyra, Old…
𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *arjaną (“to plough”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti in Wiktionary's reconstruction; Kroonen sets up a present Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-ie-. The Germanic…
𐌰𐍆
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away”), which also gave Old Norse af, Old English of and æf, Old Frisian of, Old Saxon af and Old High German aba. It continues Proto-Indo-European *apó…
𐌰𐍈𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ahwō (“stream, river”), which also gave Old Norse á, Old English ēa, Old Frisian ā, Old Saxon aha and Old High German aha. Wiktionary traces it to…
𐌱𐌰𐌹
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *bai (“both”). The Germanic cognates include Old Norse báðir in Old Norse, Old English bēgen and bā in Old English, Old Frisian bēthe in Old Frisian, Old Saxon…
𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *beraną (“to carry, bear”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰér-e- (“to carry”). The Germanic cognates are Old Norse bera, Old English beran, Old Frisian bera, Old…
𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *būaną (“to dwell, reside”). The cognates are Old Norse búa, Old English būan, Old Saxon būan and Old High German būan. Kroonen traces the verb to…
𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortification, stronghold”), a root noun with cognates in Old Norse borg, Old English burg, Old Frisian burch, Old Saxon burg and Old High German burg…
𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *bīdaną (“to wait”), with the cognates Old Norse bíða (“to wait for; to suffer”), Old English bīdan, Old Saxon bīdan and Old High German bītan. Kroonen derives it…
𐌱𐌹
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *bi (“by, at”), the word behind Old English bī and the prefix be-, Old Saxon bī and Old High German bī. Its further origin is uncertain. Lehmann, like Feist…
𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *bigetaną, the prefix 𐌱𐌹- (bi-) with the strong verb *getan- (“to find, to be able”). The cognates are Old Norse geta (“to get, attain”), Old English begietan…
𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *bidjaną (“to ask”), set up by Kroonen with e in the root, and shares this source with Old Norse biðja, Old English biddan, Old Frisian bidda, Old Saxon biddian…
𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *bindaną (“to bind”), a strong verb continued by Old Norse binda, Old English bindan, Old Frisian binda, Old Saxon bindan and Old High German bintan. Köbler…
𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌱𐍉𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *biraubōną (“to bereave, spoil, take away”), formed from the prefix *bi- and *raubōną. It is cognate with Old English berēafian, Old Saxon birōvōn and Old High…
𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *blōmô (“flower”), formed from *blōaną (“to bloom”) with the suffix *-mô; Casaretto takes it as a primary formation to that verb. The cognates are Old Norse…
𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), which Kroonen traces to a thematic present Proto-Indo-European *bʰrég-e-. The West Germanic cognates are Old English brecan, Old Frisian…
𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *brūkaną (“to make use of”). Lehmann sees the weak verb as the older formation, shared with Old High German brūhhan, and the strong verbs Old English brūcan, Old…
𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌰𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *brōþēr (“brother”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse bróðir, Old English brōþor, Old Frisian brōther, Old Saxon brōthar…
𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *bōkō, a feminine ō-stem in Fick, Falk and Torp's reconstruction, while Kluge and Bammesberger set up a root noun *bōk-, Kroonen's form as well. The cognates are…
𐌲𐌰-
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ga-, which Wiktionary and Kroonen derive from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm, the source of Latin con-, com-. Kroonen explains the initial g- by Verner's law applied…
𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽
The present is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ganganą (“to go, walk, step”), with the cognates Old Norse ganga, Old English gangan, Old Frisian gunga, Old Saxon gangan and Old High German gangan. It…
𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽
It is formed from Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) + *𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (*draban), the simple verb being from Proto-Germanic *drabaną (“to hit, hew”). Kroonen takes the Germanic verb as an o-grade present to a root found only…
𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *gazdaz (“goad, spike”), cognate with Old Norse gaddr (“goad, spike”), Old Saxon gard (“rod”) and Old High German gart (“prickle”). A West Germanic derivative…
𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *gahlaibô (“messmate, companion”), the source also of Old High German galeipo (“companion”). It is formed from 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs, “bread”) with the prefix 𐌲𐌰- (ga-)…
𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *galīkaz (“alike, similar”), which Kroonen lists under the adjective *līka- (“similar, equal”). By surface analysis it is from Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) + -𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (-leiks)…
𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *gamainiz (“shared, common”), with the prefix 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) before an adjective meaning "common". Its cognates are Old English gemǣne (whence mean), Old Frisian mēne…
𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *gardaz (“enclosure”), with the cognates Old Norse garðr, Old English geard, Old Saxon gard and Old High German gart (“enclosure”). Kroonen derives the o-stem…
𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *garēdaną (“to advise”), formed with the prefix 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) on a simple verb *𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*rēdan) that Gothic does not record on its own. That verb is continued by Old…
𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *gastiz (“guest, stranger”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰostis (“stranger, guest”). The cognates are Old Norse gestr, Old English giest, Old Frisian jest, Old…
𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is formed from Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) + *𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*tamjan), the simple verb being from Proto-Germanic *tamjaną (“to tame”). The Germanic verb survives as Old Norse temja (“to tame, train”), Old English…
𐌲𐌰𐍄𐍅𐍉
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *gatwǭ (“street, passage”), with the cognates Old Norse gata (“path, street”), Middle Low German gate (“lane, street”) and Old High German gazza (“lane”)…
𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽
It is formed from Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) + *𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (*wigan), the simple verb being from Proto-Germanic *weganą (“to move, to carry”). The Germanic verb survives as Old Norse vega (“to move, carry, weigh”)…
𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *gebaną (“to give”), with the cognates Old Norse gefa, Old English giefan, Old Frisian jeva, Old Saxon geban and Old High German geban. Wiktionary traces it to…
𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *geutaną (“to pour”), cognate with Old English gēotan, Old Saxon giotan, Old High German giozan and Old Norse gjóta, which means "to drop, throw, cast young"…
𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *gumô (“man”), Kroonen's *guman-. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse gumi, Old English guma, Old Saxon gumo and Old High German gomo. Casaretto classes it as an…
𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną (“to grab, grasp”), the source also of Old Norse grípa, Old English grīpan, Old Frisian grīpa, Old Saxon grīpan and Old High German grīfan. Feist, Köbler…
𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *grētaną (“to weep, cry”), with cognates in Old Norse gráta, Old English grǣtan, Old Saxon grātan and Middle High German grāzen (“to cry out”). Its causative…
𐌲𐍉𐌸𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz (“good”), which Kroonen explains as an o-grade adjective from a lost strong verb "to fit", comparing *gadōjan-. Wiktionary and Köbler set up…
𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *dagaz (“day”), which is Old Norse dagr in Old Norse, Old English dæg in Old English, Old Frisian dei in Old Frisian, Old Saxon dag in Old Saxon and Old High…
𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *dajjaną (“to suck, suckle”), matched by Old Swedish dæggia (“to suckle”) in Old Swedish. Kroonen derives it from a causative formation of the Indo-European root…
𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *dailiz (“part, portion”). The feminine i-stem is confined to Gothic; the other Germanic languages have an a-stem *daila-, masculine or neuter, in Old Norse…
𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *durą (“big door, gate”), a neuter a-stem beside the root noun seen in the plural Old Norse dyrr of Old Norse. The neuter is also Old English dor, Old Saxon dor…
𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *deuzą (“animal, beast”), with the cognates Old Norse dýr, Old English dēor, Old Saxon dior and Old High German tior. The usual explanation derives it from the…
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽
Wiktionary gives two explanations: either it is inherited from Proto-Germanic *duginnaną, or it is a Gothic formation with the prefix 𐌳𐌿- (du-) on a verb *ginnaną (“to begin”). No other Germanic…
𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to draw, pull, carry”). Kroonen calls it an o-grade intensive verb, reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *dʰrógʰ-e- and finds no clear etymology. The…