𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃

Forms

𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis), an adjective of the ja-declension; the nominative singular is not attested.^[1][2][3] In PROIEL's text the adjective occurs three times, twice as 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis) and once as 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (alja).^[4] The nominative ending -jis is levelled from the oblique cases: after a consonant, *-jaz would otherwise have given *-is, and 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (harjis), 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐍃 (niujis), 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌾𐌹𐍃 (niþjis) and 𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌹𐍃 (midjis) show the same development.^[5][6]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *aljaz (“other”),^[5][7] from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”),^[5] the source also of Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos), Latin alius, Old Irish aile and Welsh eil.^[7][3][8] In the other Germanic languages the adjective survives in adverbs, Old English elles and Old High German alles, elles "otherwise", and in West Germanic compounds such as eli-lenti "exiled, exile".^[3][6][9]

Attestation

The Wulfila project puts 43 tokens under this lemma, all marked ambiguous, because its forms are shared with the conjunction 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (alja) "except" and other homographs.^[10][11] PROIEL counts three tokens of the adjective, in manuscripts A and B, the first at 2 Corinthians 1:13, two of them rendering Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos).^[10][4] Lehmann gives ἄλλος (állos) and ἕτερος (héteros) as its Greek equivalents and cites Galatians 5:10,^[3] which reads ik gatraua in izwis in fraujin þatei ni waiht aljis hugjiþ, "I trust in you in the Lord that you will think nothing else".^[12]

Meanings

1. other, another.^[1][2][5]

Word family

• 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (alja, “except”)
• 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐍂 (aljar)
• 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌸 (aljaþ)
• 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌸𐍂𐍉 (aljaþro)
• 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐍃 (aljakuns, “foreign”)
• 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉 (aljaleiko, “otherwise”)

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. aljis*
2. ^ a b Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 36
3. ^ a b c d Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. *aljis
4. ^ a b Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
5. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃
6. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. aljis
7. ^ a b Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 23
8. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. s.v. aljis
9. ^ Holthausen, Ferdinand (1934), Gotisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. alji-s
10. ^ a b De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
11. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. alja
12. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Gal 5:10