𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽

Forms

𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gawigan), a strong verb of class V.^[1][2][3] The only form is the nominative singular feminine of the past participle, 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰 (gawigana).^[3][4]

Etymology

It is formed from Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) + *𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (*wigan), the simple verb being from Proto-Germanic *weganą (“to move, to carry”).^[5][6] The Germanic verb survives as Old Norse vega (“to move, carry, weigh”), Old English wegan (“to move, carry”), Old Frisian wega, Old Saxon wegan and Old High German wegan.^[6][7][8] It continues Proto-Indo-European *u̯eg̑ʰ- (“to move, to convey”),^[3][9] the root of Latin vehō (“to carry”) and Lithuanian vežù (“I drive”).^[8][10][7] Lehmann adds vectis (“lever”).^[11]

Attestation

The word occurs once, at Luke 6:38 in manuscript CA, where it renders Ancient Greek σαλεύω (saleúō, “to shake”).^[12][13][3] The verse has 𐌼𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌳𐍃 𐌲𐍉𐌳𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰 (mitads goda jah ufarfulla jah gawigana), "a good measure, running over and shaken down".^[14]

Meanings

1. to shake together, shake down (for σαλεύω)^[3][2][15]
2. to move^[1][16]

Related words

• 𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wagjan, “to shake, move”)
• 𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃 (wigs, “way”)
• 𐍅𐌴𐌲𐍃 (wēgs, “storm, wave”)

Usage notes

Streitberg marks the compound as perfective.^[1] Miller takes 𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wagjan) as the causative of a Germanic verb "to move", not of gawigan itself.^[17]

References

1. ^ a b c Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. gawigan
2. ^ a b Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. ga-wigan
3. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. gawigan
4. ^ Streitberg, Wilhelm (1920), Gotisches Elementarbuch, 5th–6th ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. § 208
5. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽
6. ^ a b Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 577
7. ^ a b Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. s.v. *weʒanan
8. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. ga-wigan
9. ^ Blažek, Václav (2023), Old Germanic Languages, Brno: Masaryk University Press
10. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 63
11. ^ Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. ga-wigan
12. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
13. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
14. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 6:38
15. ^ Lambdin, Thomas O. (2006), An Introduction to the Gothic Language, Eugene, Or.: Wipf and Stock, p. 176
16. ^ Braune, Wilhelm; Heidermanns, Frank (2004), Gotische Grammatik, mit Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, 20th ed., Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken germanischer Dialekte A 1, Tübingen: Niemeyer, p. 303
17. ^ Miller, D. Gary (2019), The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 200