𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌱𐍉𐌽

Forms

𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌱𐍉𐌽 (biraubōn), a weak verb of class II.^[1][2][3] Only two preterite forms are recorded: the first person singular 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌱𐍉𐌳𐌰 (birauboda) and the third person plural 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌱𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 (biraubodedun).^[2][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *biraubōną (“to bereave, spoil, take away”), formed from the prefix *bi- and *raubōną.^[5] It is cognate with Old English berēafian, Old Saxon birōvōn and Old High German biroubōn.^[4][6][5] The simple verb, not recorded in Gothic, is rēafian (“to rob”), roubōn (“to rob”) and Old Norse raufa (“to pierce”), derived from a feminine noun meaning "booty" that Romance borrowed as Italian roba and French robe.^[7][4] Lehmann follows Wadstein in tracing the meanings from "plucked wool" to "woollen covering, dress" and to "hide taken off, booty in hunting or war".^[4] The base verb is rjúfa (“to break, tear”), rēofan, from Proto-Indo-European *rewp- (“to tear, break”), also in Latin rumpō (“to break”).^[4][7][8] Feist adds that 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raupjan, “to pluck”) points to a variant root with a different final consonant.^[7]

Attestation

The verb occurs twice: at Luke 10:30 in manuscript CA, the first in canonical order, and at 2 Corinthians 11:8 in manuscript B.^[9][2] PROIEL aligns it once with Ancient Greek ἐκδύω (ekdúō) and once with συλάω (suláō).^[10] Köbler gives Latin despoliare and exspoliare as Latin equivalents.^[2] Luke 10:30 reads jah in waidedjans frarann þaiei jah biraubodedun ina, "and he fell among robbers, who also stripped him".^[11]

Meanings

1. to strip someone (for ἐκδύω, Luke 10:30)^[2][10][3]
2. to rob, despoil (for συλάω, 2 Corinthians 11:8)^[2][10][3]

Related words

• 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raupjan, “to pick, pluck”)

References

1. ^ Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. bi-raubon
2. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. biraubōn
3. ^ a b c Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 125
4. ^ a b c d e Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. bi-raubon
5. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌱𐍉𐌽
6. ^ Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. bi-ráubōn
7. ^ a b c Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. bi-raubōn
8. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 27
9. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
10. ^ a b c Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
11. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 10:30