𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂

Forms

𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂 (daur), a neuter a-stem noun.^[1][2][3] The recorded forms are the nominative and accusative singular 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂 (daur, nine times) and the dative singular 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 (daura, six times).^[4][5]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *durą (“big door, gate”),^[6][7] a neuter a-stem beside the root noun seen in the plural Old Norse dyrr of Old Norse.^[2][6] The neuter is also Old English dor, Old Saxon dor and Old High German tor.^[7][8] It goes back to Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door, gate”),^[6][5] whose root noun meant "door leaf" in the singular and "door" in the dual and plural, according to Casaretto.^[2] Kroonen reconstructs the neuter as Proto-Indo-European *dʰur-o- and suggests that its dual "double door" was the base of the Germanic i-stem noun for "door".^[7] Related words outside Germanic are Ancient Greek θύρα (thúra), Latin foris and forum.^[6][9] Feist and Köbler compare the Crimean Gothic word for "porta", which Feist calls an n-stem like the plural 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍉𐌽𐍃 (daurōns, “double gate”).^[8][5]

Attestation

The Wulfila project counts fifteen tokens, in Matthew, John, Luke and Mark; fourteen are in manuscript CA, and Matthew 26:71 is also in C.^[4] In canonical order the first is Matthew 7:13.^[4] PROIEL aligns it eight times with Ancient Greek θύρα (thúra), twice with πύλη (púlē) and twice with πυλών (pulṓn).^[10] Matthew 7:13 reads inngaggaiþ þairh aggwu daur, unte braid daur jah rums wigs sa brigganda in fralustai, "go in through the narrow gate, for wide is the gate and broad the way that leads to destruction".^[11]

Meanings

1. A door or gate with a single leaf, for Ancient Greek θύρα (thúra), πύλη (púlē) and πυλών (pulṓn)^[1][12][5]

Word family

• 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌰 (daurawarda, “doorkeeper”)
• 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (daurawards, “doorkeeper”)
• 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍉 (daurawardō, “doorkeeper”)
• 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹 (fauradauri, “street”)
• 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍉 (augadaurō, “window”)

Related words

• 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍉𐌽𐍃 (daurōns, “double gate”)

Usage notes

Lehmann and Casaretto distinguish 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂 (daur), a door with one leaf, from the plural 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍉𐌽𐍃 (daurōns), a door with two leaves.^[12][2]

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. daur
2. ^ a b c d Casaretto, Antje (2004), Nominale Wortbildung der gotischen Sprache: Die Derivation der Substantive, Heidelberg: Winter
3. ^ Braune, Wilhelm; Heidermanns, Frank (2004), Gotische Grammatik, mit Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, 20th ed., Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken germanischer Dialekte A 1, Tübingen: Niemeyer, p. 273
4. ^ a b c De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. daúr
6. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂
7. ^ a b c Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 110
8. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. daur
9. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 34
10. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
11. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Mt 7:13
12. ^ a b Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. daur