𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃

Forms

𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 (dius), a neuter noun of the a-stem class.^[1][2] The stem ends in z: the genitive singular is 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌹𐍃 (diuzis).^[3][4] Only the dative plural 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌼 (diuzam) is recorded.^[5][6]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *deuzą (“animal, beast”),^[7][2] with the cognates Old Norse dýr, Old English dēor, Old Saxon dior and Old High German tior.^[8][4] The usual explanation derives it from the Indo-European root Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (“to breathe”), as Latin animal stands beside anima (“breath, soul”).^[9][8][10] Lehmann and Uhlenbeck cite as related Lithuanian dùsti (“to pant”) and dvėsti (“to breathe one's last”).^[9][8] Lehmann calls other proposed connections dubious and notes that Grienberger related the word instead to Ancient Greek θέω (théō, “to run”).^[9]

Attestation

The word occurs twice, as diuzam at Mark 1:13 in manuscript CA and at 1 Corinthians 15:32 in manuscript A.^[5][2] PROIEL aligns the Mark passage with Ancient Greek θηρίον (thēríon); in 1 Corinthians the phrase du diuzam weihan, "to fight with wild beasts", renders Ancient Greek θηριομαχέω (thēriomakhéō).^[11][2] Mark 1:13 reads jah was miþ diuzam, "and he was with the wild beasts".^[12]

Meanings

1. A wild animal, a beast, for Ancient Greek θηρίον (thēríon).^[1][2][13]

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. dius*
2. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. dius* 2
3. ^ Braune, Wilhelm; Heidermanns, Frank (2004), Gotische Grammatik, mit Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, 20th ed., Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken germanischer Dialekte A 1, Tübingen: Niemeyer, p. 274
4. ^ a b Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. dius
5. ^ a b De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
6. ^ Stamm, Friedrich Ludwig; Heyne, Moriz (1920), Ulfilas oder die uns erhaltenen Denkmäler der gotischen Sprache: Text, Wörterbuch und Grammatik, 13th–14th ed. by Ferdinand Wrede, Paderborn: Schöningh, p. 416
7. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃
8. ^ a b c Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. s.v. dius
9. ^ a b c Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. dius
10. ^ Feist, Sigmund (1888), Grundriss der gotischen Etymologie, Strassburg: Trübner, p. s.v. dius
11. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
12. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Mk 1:13
13. ^ Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 53