𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽

Forms

𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (giutan), a strong verb of the second class.^[1][2][3] Only present forms are recorded: 𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳 (giutand, four times) and 𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌹𐌸 (giutiþ, once), and Köbler also lists 𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌹𐌳 (giutid) at Luke 5:37.^[4][5][6]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *geutaną (“to pour”),^[7][8][9] cognate with Old English gēotan, Old Saxon giotan, Old High German giozan and Old Norse gjóta, which means "to drop, throw, cast young".^[8][9][10] Kroonen derives it from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeu- (“to pour”), the root of Ancient Greek χέω (khéō, “to pour”), but notes that its final t has no counterpart in the other Indo-European languages;^[8] Feist, Uhlenbeck and Lehmann posit an extended root *gʰeud- shared with Latin fundō (“to pour”), which has a nasal infix and the perfect fūdī.^[10][11][6] Orel compares the Tocharian kutk- (“to cast in a mould”) as well.^[9]

Attestation

The Wulfila project counts five tokens and Köbler six, in Matthew 9:17, Luke 5:37–38 and Mark 2:22, all in manuscript CA.^[4][5] All the records are in the saying about new wine and old wineskins,^[4] and PROIEL aligns the word with Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō).^[12] Luke 5:38 has ak wein juggata in balgins niujans giutand, "but they pour new wine into new skins".^[13]

Meanings

1. to pour, let flow; for βάλλω^[1][5][12]

Word family

• 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (ufargiutan, “to pour to overflowing”)
• 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌽𐌰𐌽 (usgutnan, “to be poured out”)

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. giutan
2. ^ Braune, Wilhelm; Heidermanns, Frank (2004), Gotische Grammatik, mit Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, 20th ed., Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken germanischer Dialekte A 1, Tübingen: Niemeyer, p. 279
3. ^ Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. giutan
4. ^ a b c De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
5. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. giutan
6. ^ a b Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. giutan
7. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽
8. ^ a b c Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 177
9. ^ a b c Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 133
10. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. giutan
11. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 65
12. ^ a b Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
13. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 5:38