𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽

Forms

𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (gadraban), a strong verb of class VI.^[1][2][3] Braune and Heidermanns list it as a strong verb but mark the class as uncertain.^[4] The only recorded form is the past participle 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (gadraban), in the nominative singular.^[2][5]

Etymology

It is formed from Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) + *𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (*draban), the simple verb being from Proto-Germanic *drabaną (“to hit, hew”).^[6][7] Kroonen takes the Germanic verb as an o-grade present to a root found only in Germanic and Slavic, and the source of iteratives meaning "to hit".^[7][8] Wiktionary derives it from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to grind, crush, kill”) and compares Proto-Slavic *drobiti (“to crush”) and Lithuanian drė̃bti (“to strike”).^[9] Feist and Lehmann also compare Old Norse draf (“refuse, husks”) in Old Norse.^[10][5] Older scholars were more cautious: Feist in 1888 called the Slavic comparison uncertain because the Gothic word stands alone, and Uhlenbeck considered, after Hoffmann, a link with Ancient Greek τάφος (táphos).^[11][12] Grienberger rejected any connection with burial: the verb, he argued, refers only to hollowing out with chisel and hammer.^[13]

Attestation

The word occurs once, at Mark 15:46 in manuscript CA.^[14][2] It renders Ancient Greek λατομέω (latoméō, “to hew out of stone”).^[15][2] The verse describes the tomb as 𐌹𐌽 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌿𐍃 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 (in hlaiwa þatei was gadraban us staina), "in a grave that was hewn out of rock".^[16]

Meanings

1. to hew out, chisel (for λατομέω)^{[2][1][6][17]}

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. gadraban
2. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. gadraban
3. ^ Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. ga-draban
4. ^ Braune, Wilhelm; Heidermanns, Frank (2004), Gotische Grammatik, mit Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, 20th ed., Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken germanischer Dialekte A 1, Tübingen: Niemeyer, p. 274
5. ^ a b Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. *ga-draban
6. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽
7. ^ a b Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 98
8. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 100
9. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *drabaną
10. ^ Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. ga-draban
11. ^ Feist, Sigmund (1888), Grundriss der gotischen Etymologie, Strassburg: Trübner, p. s.v. ga-draban
12. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 53
13. ^ Grienberger, Theodor von (1900), Untersuchungen zur gotischen Wortkunde, Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, phil.-hist. Classe 142, Wien, p. s.v. gadraban
14. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
15. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
16. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Mk 15:46
17. ^ Lambdin, Thomas O. (2006), An Introduction to the Gothic Language, Eugene, Or.: Wipf and Stock, p. 174