Gothic words from Proto-Germanic
247 Gothic words with Proto-Germanic in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages (page 2).
𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *dreusaną (“to fall”), a strong verb also continued in Old English drēosan (“to rush, fall, perish”) and Old Saxon driosan. Kroonen reconstructs…
𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną (“to come”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-. Its Germanic cognates are Old Norse koma, Old English cuman, Old Frisian kuma, Old Saxon cuman and Old High…
𐌵𐌹𐌿𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *kwiwaz (“alive”), beside *kwikwaz, the form behind Old Norse kvikr, Old English cwic(u), Old Frisian quik, Old Saxon quik and Old High German quec (“alive”)…
𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have, to hold”), a weak verb continued by Old Norse hafa, Old English habban, Old Frisian habba, Old Saxon hebbian and Old High German habēn…
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *haihaz (“one-eyed”), which has no counterpart in the other Germanic languages. Kroonen calls it identical to Latin caecus (“blind”), Old Irish cáech (“one-eyed”)…
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole, healthy, sound”), whose other descendants are Old Norse heill, Old English hāl, Old Frisian hēl, Old Saxon hēl and Old High German heil. Kroonen…
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“home, village”), a masculine a-stem in Proto-Germanic, from which the Gothic gender and inflection differ. The cognates are Old Norse heimr (“abode…
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hertô (“heart”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr. Casaretto and Kroonen analyse the Germanic n-stem as an n-extension of the Indo-European root noun. The Germanic…
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃𐍄𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *haifstiz (“conflict, struggle”), whose other descendants are Old Norse heifst (“hatred, feud”) (beside heift), Old English hǣst (“violence, fury”), Old Frisian…
𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to watch, look after”), and has cognates in Old Norse halda, Old English healdan, Old Frisian halda, Old Saxon haldan and Old High German haltan. In…
𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *handuz (“hand”). The Germanic cognates are Old Norse hǫnd, Old English hand, Old Frisian hand, Old Saxon hand and Old High German hant. Feist and Lehmann also…
𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *haubudą (“head”), the word that gave Old Norse hǫfuð, Old English hēafod, Old Frisian hāved, Old Saxon hōbid and Old High German houbit. Köbler calls its…
𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hauhaz (“high”), the adjective of Old Norse hár, Old English hēah, Old Frisian hāch, Old Saxon hōh and Old High German hōh. Kroonen reconstructs…
𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hurją (“burning coal”), the source also of Old Norse hyrr (“fire”). Lehmann traces it to the root Proto-Indo-European *kerH- (“to burn, glow”), with Lithuanian…
𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“army”), the source also of Old Norse herr, Old English here, Old Frisian here, Old Saxon heri and Old High German hari, heri. It continues…
𐌷𐌰𐍆𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to lift, heave”), which Wiktionary traces to Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyé-, from the root *kap- (“to grasp”). The cognates are Old Norse hefja, Old…
𐌷𐌴𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r (“here”), with cognates in Old Norse hér, Old English hēr, Old Frisian hīr, Old Saxon hēr and Old High German hiar. It is formed from the pronominal stem of…
𐌷𐌹𐌻𐍀𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *helpaną (“to help”), with Old Norse hjalpa, Old English helpan, Old Frisian helpa, Old Saxon helpan and Old High German helfan. Kroonen calls it a verb without a…
𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hinder (“behind”), an old comparative formation: Feist groups it with 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰 (hindana) and 𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (hindumists) on one stem, as 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐍂 (aftar) goes with…
𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz (“bread”). The Germanic cognates are Old Norse hleifr, Old English hlāf, Old Frisian hlēf and Old High German hleib, whence English loaf. Its origin is…
𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍄𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hlautaz (“lot”), an o-grade formation to the strong verb *hleutaną (“to obtain by lot”). The cognates are Old Norse hlautr in Old Norse, Old Saxon hlōt in Old…
𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hundą, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Kroonen, Holthausen and Uhlenbeck start from an older form beginning with d. Uhlenbeck explains it as a derivative of…
𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *hundaz (“dog”), with the cognates Old Norse hundr, Old English hund, Old Frisian hund, Old Saxon hund and Old High German hunt. Wiktionary traces it to…
𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną (“to perceive, to think”), with the umlauted present seen in Old Norse þekkja (“to perceive, know”), Old English þencan, Old Frisian thenza, Old Saxon…
𐌸𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þagjaną (“to be silent”), continued by Old Norse þegja, Old Saxon thagian and Old High German dagēn. Gothic has h where the other languages have g, an…
𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þerhw (“through”), Orel's *þerxwe. The cognates are Old English þurh, Old Frisian thruch, Old Saxon thurh and Old High German duruh, with derh (“perforated”) in…
𐌸𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þan (“then”), Orel's *þana, which continues the demonstrative stem *þa- with a particle. The cognates are Old Norse þá, Old English þan, Old Frisian than, Old…
𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍀
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þurpą (“village, rural settlement”), a noun with no Germanic base word according to Casaretto. The cognates are Old Norse þorp (“farm, estate”), Old English…
𐌸𐌰𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þar (“there”), which Orel derives from the demonstrative stem of 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 (þata) with a locative r. The cognates are Old Norse þar, Old English þǣr, Old Frisian…
𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þeudō (“people, nation”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people”), which Kroonen and Pronk-Tiethoff count among the words limited to the European branches…
𐌸𐌿
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (singular)”), with the cognates Old Norse þú, Old English þū, Old Frisian thū, Old Saxon thū and Old High German dū. It continues Proto-Indo-European…
𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ibai, a variant of *jabai, the source of 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 (jabai, “if”). The cognates mean "if": Old Norse ef, Old English gif, Old Frisian jef, Old Saxon ef and Old High…
𐌹𐌱𐌽𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz (“even, level”), with Old Norse jafn, Old English efen, Old Saxon eban and Old High German eban. Its further origin is disputed. Johansson explained it as…
𐌹𐌸
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *idi (“but”). Lehmann and Köbler derive it from Proto-Indo-European *eti (“in addition, and”). Uhlenbeck connects the prefix Old Norse ið-, Old English ed-, Old…
𐌹𐌺
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ek (“I”), which Orel writes *eka. Its cognates are Old Norse ek, Old English ic, Old Frisian ik, Old Saxon ic and Old High German ih. Wiktionary traces it to…
𐌹𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *in (“in”), like Old Norse í, Old English in, Old Frisian in, Old Saxon in and Old High German in. It continues Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”), which Kroonen…
𐌹𐌿𐍀
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *upp (“up, upwards”), an ablauting adverb that Kroonen writes *eup ~ *upp: Gothic has the full grade, Old Norse upp, Old English up, Old Frisian up, Old Saxon up…
𐌹𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”), which also gave Old Norse es, Old Frisian er, Old Saxon is and Old High German er, with the neuter iz. Lehmann traces the paradigm to the pronoun…
𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *etaną (“to eat”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”), with cognates in Old Norse eta, Old English etan, Old Frisian eta, Old Saxon etan and Old High…
𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐍉𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *kaupōną (“to buy; to trade”), which is from Latin caupō (“innkeeper, petty trader”). The cognates are Old Norse kaupa, Old English cēapian, Old Frisian kāpia…
𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌿𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *kuruz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”), the source of Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús, “heavy”) and Latin gravis (“heavy, severe”). Kroonen…
𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *kauzijaną (“to sample, taste”), a causative of the verb continued in 𐌺𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (kiusan, “to test, choose”). Köbler traces it to the root Proto-Indo-European *g̑eus-…
𐌺𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *keusaną (“to test, to try”), with Old Norse kjósa, Old English cēosan, Old Frisian kiāsa, Old Saxon kiosan and Old High German kiosan, which mean "to choose"…
𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *kunja- (“kin, clan”), whose other descendants are Old Norse kyn, Old English cynn, Old Frisian kenn, Old Saxon kunni and Old High German kunni. Casaretto derives…
𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to know”), the preterite-present that is also Old Norse kunna in Old Norse, Old English cunnan in Old English, Old Frisian kunna in Old Frisian, Old…
𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”), cognate with Old Norse langr, Old English lang, Old Frisian long, Old Saxon lang and Old High German lang. The closest match outside Germanic is…
𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *lagjan- (“to lay”), which also gave Old Norse leggja, Old English lecgan, Old Frisian ledza, Old Saxon leggian and Old High German leggen. It is the causative of…
𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *laistijaną (“to track, follow”), formed from *laistaz (“track, footprint”). Feist, Uhlenbeck and Lehmann derive it from the Gothic noun 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (laists, “track…
𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *landą (“land, area of ground”), from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“land, heath”). The Germanic cognates are Old Norse land, Old English lond, Old Frisian lond…
𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *launą (“reward”), with Old Norse laun, Old English lēan, Old Frisian lān, Old Saxon lōn and Old High German lōn. Casaretto classes it with the Germanic nouns in…
𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *laubą (“leaf”), the source also of Old Norse lauf, Old English lēaf, Old Frisian lāf, Old Saxon lōf and Old High German loub, which are all neuter. Lehmann…
𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *linhtaz (“light (in weight)”), Kroonen's *linhta- and Orel's *lenxwtaz. The cognates are Old Norse léttr, Old English lēoht, Old Frisian licht and Old High…
𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *līhwaną (“to lend”), a strong verb found in all the Germanic branches: Old Norse ljá, Old English lēon, Old Frisian līa, Old Saxon far-līhan and Old High German…
𐌻𐌴𐍄𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *lētaną (“to let, allow”), cognate with Old Norse láta, Old English lǣtan, Old Frisian lēta, Old Saxon lātan and Old High German lāzan. Kroonen traces it to…
𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *libjaną (“to live”); Kroonen reconstructs a stative *libēn- (“to be left; to live”). The cognates are Old Norse lifa, Old English libban, Old Frisian libba, Old…
𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną (“to lie”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-. Gothic has a present without -j-, which Feist finds elsewhere only in Old High German ligan; the other…
𐌻𐌹𐌲𐍂𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *legrą (“a lying, a place where one lies”), a noun with an r-suffix from the verb seen in 𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ligan, “to lie”). The other Germanic languages have it as a…
𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *leubaz (“dear, beloved”), the adjective behind Old Norse ljúfr, Old English lēof, Old Frisian liāf, Old Saxon liof and Old High German liob, all meaning "dear"…
𐌻𐌿𐍆𐍄𐌿𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“roof, sky, air”), with the cognates Old Norse lopt, also "upper room", Old English lyft, Old Saxon luft and Old High German luft. Feist finds no certain…
𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *maganą (“to be able”), a preterite-present that Kroonen writes *mugan-, from Proto-Indo-European *magʰ-, *megʰ-. Köbler calls it etymologically difficult. Its…