𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂

Forms

𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂 (anþar), an adjective and ordinal numeral with strong a-stem inflection.^[1][2][3] The Wulfila project counts 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂 (anþar, 42 times), 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌰 (anþara, 28), 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (anþaramma, 21), 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌼 (anþaraim, 18), 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌰 (anþarana, 16), 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹 (anþarai, 16) and rarer forms.^[4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *anþeraz (“other, second”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énteros.^[5] Lehmann explains the a of the second syllable from an unaccented e before r, as in 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐍂𐍉 (aftarō).^[6] Its Germanic cognates are Old Norse annarr, Old English ōþer, Old Frisian ōther, Old Saxon ōðar and Old High German andar.^[7][6] Outside Germanic it matches Lithuanian antras (“second”), Old Prussian antars (“other, second”) and Sanskrit अन्तर (antara, “different”).^[7][6][5] Lehmann analyses it as a pronominal stem *eno- with the suffix *-tero-, used for contrasts of two.^[6] Whether Ancient Greek ἅτερος (háteros) belongs here was uncertain to Uhlenbeck;^[7] Lehmann rejects the connection with ἕτερος (héteros), which he derives from a different root.^[6]

Attestation

Köbler counts 159 records and the Wulfila project 170 tokens, in all four Gospels, in the Epistles, in Nehemiah and in the Skeireins;^[2][4] Köbler also finds it in the text he cites as GotBon.^[2] As an adjective, PROIEL aligns it 48 times with Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros), 43 times with ἄλλος (állos), 22 times with λοιπός (loipós) and nine times with δεύτερος (deúteros); its first record there is Matthew 5:39.^[8] Doubled, anþar … anþar renders ἀλλήλων (allḗlōn) "one another".^[2][8] At Matthew 6:24 the two masters are contrasted: ainamma ufhauseiþ iþ anþaramma frakann, "he will obey the one but despise the other".^[9]

Meanings

1. other, another; the other of two (for ἕτερος, ἄλλος)^[2][10][5]
2. second (for δεύτερος); anþaramma sinþa "the second time"^[2][10]
3. in the plural: the others, the rest (for λοιπός); þata anþar "for the rest, otherwise"^[10][11][2]
4. anþar … anþar: the one … the other; with a case form of itself, one another^[10][11]

Word family

• 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹 (anþarleikei)
• 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉 (anþarleikō)

Related words

• 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis)

References

1. ^ Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. anþar
2. ^ a b c d e f g Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. anþar
3. ^ Krause, Wolfgang (1963), Handbuch des Gotischen, 2nd ed., München: Beck, p. § 64
4. ^ a b De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
5. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂
6. ^ a b c d e Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. anþar
7. ^ a b c Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 15
8. ^ a b Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
9. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Mt 6:24
10. ^ a b c d Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 39
11. ^ a b Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press