𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽

Forms

𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gatamjan), a weak verb of class I.^[1][2][3][4] The only recorded form is the infinitive 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gatamjan).^[2][5]

Etymology

It is formed from Gothic 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) + *𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*tamjan), the simple verb being from Proto-Germanic *tamjaną (“to tame”).^[6][7][2] The Germanic verb survives as Old Norse temja (“to tame, train”), Old English temian and Old High German zemmen.^[8][7] Orel derives it from the adjective *tamaz (“tame”).^[8] Köbler traces the root to Proto-Indo-European *demə- (“to tame”),^[9] and Feist, Uhlenbeck and Holthausen compare Latin domō (“to tame”) and Ancient Greek δαμάω (damáō, “to subdue”).^[10][11] Feist adds that 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (gatiman, “to suit”) and 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌼𐌹𐌱𐌰 (gatēmiba, “fittingly”) may belong to the same root.^[10]

Attestation

The word occurs once, at Mark 5:4 in manuscript CA, where it renders Ancient Greek δαμάζω (damázō).^[12][13][2] The verse ends 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 𐌽𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (jah manna ni mahta ina gatamjan), "and no one could tame him".^[14]

Meanings

1. to tame, subdue (for δαμάζω)^[1][2][3]

Related words

• 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (gatiman, “to suit”)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌼𐌹𐌱𐌰 (gatēmiba, “fittingly”)

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. gatamjan
2. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. gatamjan
3. ^ a b Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 150
4. ^ Braune, Wilhelm; Heidermanns, Frank (2004), Gotische Grammatik, mit Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, 20th ed., Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken germanischer Dialekte A 1, Tübingen: Niemeyer, p. 297
5. ^ Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. ga-tamjan
6. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽
7. ^ a b Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 508
8. ^ a b Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. s.v. *tamjanan
9. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Germanisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. *tamjan
10. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. ga-tamjan
11. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 61
12. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
13. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
14. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Mk 5:4