Gothic words from Proto-Germanic
247 Gothic words with Proto-Germanic in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages (page 3).
𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *malaną (“to grind”), like Old Norse mala, Old Saxon malan and Old High German malan; Balg notes that English lacks the verb and uses grind instead. The same root…
𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰
1. The word for "man, person" is inherited from Proto-Germanic *mann- (“human being, person”), with the cognates Old Norse maðr, Old English mann, Old Frisian mann, Old Saxon man and Old High German…
𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *murginaz (“morning”), with cognates in Old Norse morginn and myrginn in Old Norse, Old English morgen in Old English, Old Frisian morn in Old Frisian, Old Saxon…
𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *murþrą (“murder”), which matches Old English morþor in Old English. Kroonen explains the Gothic and Old English nouns as an instrumental noun *mŕ̥-tro- formed…
𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *mari (“sea”), remodelled as an n-stem: Casaretto, Kroonen and Orel trace it to a feminine *marīn-, which it shares with Old Saxon meri and Old High German merī…
𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *mīnaz (“my, mine”), like Old Norse minn, Old English mīn, Old Frisian mīn, Old Saxon mīn and Old High German mīn. Feist and Orel take the Germanic adjective as a…
𐌼𐌴𐌻
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *mēlą, with the cognates Old Norse mál, Old English mǣl, Old Frisian mēl and Old High German māl, which mean "time" and "meal" as well as "mark". The origin is…
𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌹𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *midjaz (“middle”), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos. Its Germanic cognates are Old Norse miðr, Old English midd, Old Frisian midde, Old Saxon middi and Old High…
𐌼𐌹𐌸
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *midi (“with, by, through”), from Proto-Indo-European *meth₂. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse með, Old English mid, Old Frisian mith, Old Saxon midi and Old…
𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *mekila- (“large, great”), from Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (“great”), with an l-suffix. Its Germanic cognates are Old Norse mikill, Old English micel, Old Saxon…
𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌸
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *mili (“honey”), which Orel and Köbler reconstruct with the final dental that Gothic keeps. It continues Proto-Indo-European *mélit (“honey”), the source of…
𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *minniz (“less”), with Old Norse minnr, Old Frisian minn, Old Saxon min and Old High German min, and Old English min. Feist explains it with the Indo-European…
𐌼𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *metaną (“to measure”), as are Old Norse meta (“to evaluate”), Old English metan, Old Frisian meta, Old Saxon metan and Old High German mezzan (“to measure…
𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *nahts (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse nótt, Old English niht, Old Frisian nacht, Old Saxon naht and Old High…
𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *namô (“name”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse nafn, Old English nama, Old Frisian noma, Old Saxon namo and Old High…
𐌽𐌰𐍄𐌹
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *natją (“net”), a noun with no Germanic base word. The cognates are Old Norse net in Old Norse, Old English nett in Old English, Old Saxon netti in Old Saxon and…
𐌽𐌴𐍈
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *nēhw (“near, close”). The cognates are Old English nēah, Old Frisian nēi, Old Saxon nāh and Old High German nāh, with Old Norse náligr in Old Norse. Köbler calls…
𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz (“near”), the source also of Old English nēah, Old Frisian nei, Old Saxon nāh and Old High German nāh. Kroonen takes the adjective as a lengthened-grade…
𐌽𐌹
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”), from Proto-Indo-European *né (“not”). Kroonen calls it the Indo-European negation adverb. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse né, Old English ne, Old…
𐌽𐌹𐌷
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *nehw (“nor, and not”), from Proto-Indo-European *nekʷe; within Gothic it can be analysed as from Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni, “not”) + -𐌿𐌷 (-uh, “and”). Feist compares Old…
𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *nemaną (“to take”), whose other descendants are Old Norse nema, Old English niman, Old Frisian nima, Old Saxon niman and Old High German neman. The deeper origin…
𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *newun (“nine”), with the cognates Old Norse níu, Old English nigon, Old Frisian nigun, Old Saxon nigun and Old High German niun. It continues Proto-Indo-European…
𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *neuja- (“new”), from Proto-Indo-European *néwyos. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse nýr, Old English nīwe, Old Saxon niuwi and Old High German niuwi. The same…
𐌽𐌿
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *nu (“now”), which Kroonen writes with a long vowel, *nū. It continues Proto-Indo-European *nu (“now”). Its Germanic cognates are Old Norse nú, Old English nū…
𐌾𐌴𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *jērą (“year”), from Proto-Indo-European *yóh₁r̥ (“year; harvest season”). The Germanic cognates are Old Norse ár, Old English ġēar, Old Frisian jēr, Old Saxon…
𐌾𐌿𐌺
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *juką (“yoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm. Casaretto calls it an inherited word, a zero-grade derivative of Proto-Indo-European *i̯eug- (“to yoke, join”)…
𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *under (“under, among”), like Old Norse undir, Old English under, Old Frisian under, Old Saxon undar and Old High German untar. Feist and Orel trace it to a…
𐌿𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out of”), the source also of Old Norse ór and úr, Old English or-, Old Saxon ur- and Old High German ur. Wiktionary compares German er- and ur-. Kroonen…
𐌿𐍃𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌽
It is formed from Gothic 𐌿𐍃- (us-) + *𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌽 (*hlaupan), the simple verb being from Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną (“to jump forward, leap”). The simple verb survives as Old Norse hlaupa, Old English…
𐌿𐍄
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ūt (“out”), cognate with Old Norse út, Old English ūt, Old Frisian ūt, Old Saxon ūt and Old High German ūz. Kroonen takes the Germanic adverb as a direct…
𐌿𐍆
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *ub (“under”). Kroonen traces the Germanic preposition to Proto-Indo-European *h₁up-o, a petrified allative in *-o. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse of (“over…
𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *uber (“over”), like Old Norse yfir, Old English ofer, Old Frisian over, Old Saxon obar and Old High German ubar. It continues Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over…
𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *rahnijaną (“to decide”). The other Germanic languages have only forms with k: Old English recenian, Old Frisian rekenia and Old High German rehhanōn. Lehmann…
𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐍉
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *raþjǭ (“account, reasoning”), with the cognates Old Frisian rethia (“talk, account”), Old Saxon rethia (“account”) and Old High German reda (“speech, account”)…
𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *rehtaz (“right, straight”), the adjective of Old Norse réttr, Old English riht, Old Frisian riucht, Old Saxon reht and Old High German reht. Kroonen derives it…
𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *raupijaną (“to pluck, pull off”), with the cognates Old English rīepan (“to pluck”) and Old High German roufen (“to pluck, pull out”); Old Norse ruppa shows a…
𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *rīks (“king, ruler”), which the etymological dictionaries take as an early loan from Celtic: Proto-Celtic *rīxs, the word behind Old Irish rí (“king”) in Old…
𐍃𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sa (“that”), which Lehmann traces to the Proto-Indo-European demonstrative *so, feminine *sā, neuter *tod. The Germanic cognates include Old Norse sá, feminine…
𐍃𐌰𐌸𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“full, sated”), with the cognates Old Norse saðr, Old English sæd, Old Saxon sad and Old High German sat. Kroonen explains it as the past participle of…
𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sēaną (“to sow”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”). Kroonen reconstructs the present as *séh₁-e-, without a j-suffix, and derives the reduplicated…
𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sairą (“wound; pain, soreness”), a noun made from the adjective *sairaz (“sore, painful”). The noun is also Old Norse sár (“wound”), Old English sār (“wound…
𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną (“to see”), with the cognates Old Norse sjá, Old English sēon, Old Frisian siā, Old Saxon sehan and Old High German sehan. Wiktionary traces it to…
𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sakaną (“to dispute”), cognate with Old English sacan, Old Frisian seka, Old Saxon sakan and Old High German sahhan. Kroonen derives it from Proto-Indo-European…
𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽
1. The verb for lodging is a Germanic formation from Proto-Germanic *sala- (“hall, house”), the stem Feist finds in 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌸𐍅𐍉𐍃 (saliþwōs, “lodging”). Köbler gives this stem and *saliz "house, hall"…
𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍄
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *saltą (“salt”), which is also Old Norse salt in Old Norse, Old English sealt in Old English, Old Frisian salt in Old Frisian, Old Saxon salt in Old Saxon and Old…
𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same”). The cognates include Old Norse samr and Old High German samo. Kroonen traces the Germanic adjective to Proto-Indo-European *somH-o-, and Köbler…
𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *satjaną (“to set, place down”), the causative of Proto-Germanic *setjanan (“to sit”), from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Within Gothic it is the…
𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌿𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sebun (“seven”), which continues Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥ (“seven”). The Germanic cognates are Old Norse sjau, Old English seofon, Old Frisian sigun, Old…
𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sinkwaną (“to sink”), with the cognates Old Norse søkkva, Old English sincan, Old Saxon sinkan and Old High German sinkan. Its further origin is unclear…
𐍃𐌹𐌺
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sek, which continues the reflexive stem Proto-Indo-European *se- followed by the particle that also gives the final k of 𐌼𐌹𐌺 (mik, “me”). The Germanic cognates…
𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *senīga- (“old, senior”), formed with a secondary suffix on the adjective Proto-Indo-European *sénos (“old”). Kroonen finds the suffix close to, though not…
𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sitjaną (“to sit”), as are Old Norse sitja, Old English sittan, Old Frisian sitta, Old Saxon sittian and Old High German sizzen. It continues Proto-Indo-European…
𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skabaną (“to shave, scrape”), with the cognates Old Norse skafa, Old English scafan and Old High German scaban. Kroonen reconstructs a present…
𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skaþjaną (“to harm, do wrong”). The cognates are Old Norse skeðja and Old English sceþþan; Old Frisian skathia and Old High German scadōn belong to the same…
𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skaiþaną (“to separate”), in the variant *skaidaną with d by Verner's law. The verb is Old English scēadan in Old English, Old Frisian skētha in Old Frisian, Old…
𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skulaną (“to owe, shall”), Orel's *skala. The cognates are Old Norse skulu, Old English sculan, Old Frisian skela, Old Saxon skolan and Old High German scolan…
𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *slahaną (“to strike”), which is Old Norse slá in Old Norse, Old English slēan in Old English, Old Frisian slā in Old Frisian and slahan in Old Saxon and Old High…
𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍂𐍉
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sundrô (“asunder, alone, separately”), from the adjective *sundraz (“separate, isolated, alone”). It is cognate with Old Norse sundr (“asunder”), Old English…
𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse sonr, Old English sunu, Old Frisian sunu, Old Saxon sunu and Old High German…
𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *spīwaną (“to spew, to spit”), the source also of Old Norse spýja, Old English spīwan, Old Frisian spīa, Old Saxon spīwan and Old High German spīwan. Its cognates…