𐍃𐌰𐌸𐍃

Forms

𐍃𐌰𐌸𐍃 (saþs), an a-stem adjective; the nominative singular is recorded as 𐍃𐌰𐌳𐍃 (sads) at Philippians 4:12.^[1][2][3] The stem ends in -d- before a vowel: Köbler lists 𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌹 (sadai, seven times), 𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌰 (sada), 𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 (sadans), 𐍃𐌰𐌳 (sad), 𐍃𐌰𐌸 (saþ) and 𐍃𐌰𐌳𐍃 (sads).^[3][2] It occurs in the phrases saþs wairþan "to be filled, eat one's fill" and saþ itan "to eat one's fill".^[3][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“full, sated”),^[5][6] with the cognates Old Norse saðr, Old English sæd, Old Saxon sad and Old High German sat.^[6][7] Kroonen explains it as the past participle of the root Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to fill”).^[6] Outside Germanic, Feist and Lehmann compare Latin satur (“full”) and satis (“enough”), Lithuanian sotùs and Old Irish sáith.^[7][8][6] An ablauting form of the root is in 𐍃𐍉𐌸 (sōþ, “satiety”) and 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍉𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gasōþjan, “to satisfy”).^[8][9]

Attestation

Köbler counts twelve records, the Wulfila project ten tokens and PROIEL eleven.^[3][10][11] They are in John, Luke, Mark, 1 Corinthians and Philippians and in the Skeireins; most are in manuscript CA, 1 Corinthians 4:8 is in A, Philippians 4:12 in B and the Skeireins passage in E.^[3] In canonical order the first is sadai at John 6:12.^[10] PROIEL aligns it four times with Ancient Greek χορτάζω (khortázō) and once each with ἐμπίμπλημι (empímplēmi) and κορέννυμι (korénnumi).^[11] John 6:12 reads þanuh biþe sadai waurþun, "then, when they had been filled".^[12]

Meanings

1. full, sated, satisfied^[1][13][5]
2. saþs wairþan: to be filled, eat one's fill, for Ancient Greek χορτάζω (khortázō) in the passive^[3][14]

Related words

• 𐍃𐍉𐌸 (sōþ, “satiety”)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍉𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gasōþjan, “to satisfy”)

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. saþs*
2. ^ a b Braune, Wilhelm; Heidermanns, Frank (2004), Gotische Grammatik, mit Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, 20th ed., Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken germanischer Dialekte A 1, Tübingen: Niemeyer, p. 293
3. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. saþs*
4. ^ Skeat, Walter W. (1868), A Moeso-Gothic Glossary, with an Introduction, an Outline of Moeso-Gothic Grammar, and a List of Anglo-Saxon and Old and Modern English Words Etymologically Connected with Moeso-Gothic, London: Asher, p. 196
5. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐍃𐌰𐌸𐍃
6. ^ a b c d Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 419
7. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. saþs
8. ^ a b Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. saþs
9. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 463
10. ^ a b De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
11. ^ a b Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
12. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Jn 6:12
13. ^ Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 132
14. ^ Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. saþs