𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽

Forms

𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (skaidan), a reduplicating strong verb of the seventh class.^[1][2][3] Köbler lists the infinitive 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (skaidan, twice), the optative 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 (skaidai) and the present 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌸 (skaidiþ).^[4] The reduplicated preterite is recorded only in the compound, as 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳 (afskaiskaid).^[5][6]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skaiþaną (“to separate”), in the variant *skaidaną with d by Verner's law.^[7][8][9] The verb is Old English scēadan in Old English, Old Frisian skētha in Old Frisian, Old Saxon skēthan in Old Saxon and Old High German sceidan in Old High German.^[5][8][9] Lehmann derives it from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to separate”), an extension of a root meaning "cut", with a t-suffix; the same root with d gives Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”) and Latin scindō (“to split, tear”).^[5][10] Orel takes the Germanic verb from the zero grade of *skei-t-.^[8]

Attestation

The Wulfila project counts five tokens, in Matthew, Mark and 1 Corinthians, two in manuscript CA and three in A; Köbler adds a sixth record from the Gothica Bononiensia, which quotes 1 Corinthians 7:15.^[11][4] The first in canonical order is Matthew 10:35 in CA.^[11] PROIEL aligns four tokens with Ancient Greek χωρίζω (khōrízō) and one with Ancient Greek διχάζω (dikházō).^[12] Matthew 10:35 reads 𐌵𐌰𐌼 𐌰𐌿𐌺 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐍃 (qam auk skaidan mannan wiþra attan is), "for I came to set a man against his father".^[13]

Meanings

1. To separate, divide, put asunder, for χωρίζειν.^[4][1][14]
2. To set at variance, for διχάζειν.^[4][14]
3. With sik, to separate oneself, depart, for χωρίζεσθαι.^[1][4]

Word family

• 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (afskaidan, “to separate off”)
• 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (disskaidan, “to divide up”)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (gaskaidan, “to separate”)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gaskaidnan, “to become separated”)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gaskaideins, “distinction”)

References

1. ^ a b c Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. skaidan
2. ^ Braune, Wilhelm; Heidermanns, Frank (2004), Gotische Grammatik, mit Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, 20th ed., Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken germanischer Dialekte A 1, Tübingen: Niemeyer, p. 294
3. ^ Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. skáidan
4. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. skaidan
5. ^ a b c Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. skaidan
6. ^ Lambdin, Thomas O. (2006), An Introduction to the Gothic Language, Eugene, Or.: Wipf and Stock, p. 182
7. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽
8. ^ a b c Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 331
9. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. skaidan
10. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 131
11. ^ a b De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
12. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
13. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Mt 10:35
14. ^ a b Skeat, Walter W. (1868), A Moeso-Gothic Glossary, with an Introduction, an Outline of Moeso-Gothic Grammar, and a List of Anglo-Saxon and Old and Modern English Words Etymologically Connected with Moeso-Gothic, London: Asher, p. s.v. skaidan