𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽

Forms

𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽 (sigqan), a strong verb of the third class.^[1][2][3] The recorded forms are the third person singular preterite 𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌵 (sagq) and the third person plural preterite 𐍃𐌿𐌲𐌵𐌿𐌽 (sugqun).^[2][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sinkwaną (“to sink”),^[5][6] with the cognates Old Norse søkkva, Old English sincan, Old Saxon sinkan and Old High German sinkan.^[6][7] Its further origin is unclear.^[8][2][6] Wiktionary and Köbler give the root Proto-Indo-European *sengʷ- (“to fall, sink”), after Pokorny, who compared an Armenian verb "to fall" and Ancient Greek ἑάφθη (heáphthē, “sank”).^[5][2][8] Lehmann notes that Chantraine does not accept the Greek comparison.^[8] Kroonen takes the n as an infix, in view of an iterative without it, such as Dutch zakken (“to drop, sag”), and asks whether the labiovelar arose by Kluge's law.^[6] An older comparison with Lithuanian senkù (“to sink, dry up”) is rejected by Lehmann, who derives the Baltic and Slavic words from a root *sek- with a nasal present.^[8][7] Feist alternatively considered a root with nasal infix related to Old High German sīgan (“to sink down, drip”).^[9]

Attestation

The verb occurs twice, in Luke, manuscript CA: sagq at Luke 4:40 and sugqun at Luke 5:7.^[4][2] PROIEL aligns one token with Ancient Greek δύω (dúō) and one with Ancient Greek βυθίζω (buthízō).^[10] Luke 4:40 reads miþþanei þan sagq sunno, "while the sun was setting".^[11]

Meanings

1. to sink (in water), for Ancient Greek βυθίζω (buthízō).^[2][5][12]
2. of the sun: to set, go down, for Ancient Greek δύω (dúō).^[2][5][13]

Word family

• 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽 (dissigqan, “to go down, set”)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽 (gasiggqan, “to sink, set”)

Related words

• 𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽 (saggqjan, “to cause to sink”)
• 𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌰 (saggqa, “the west”)

References

1. ^ Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. sigqan
2. ^ a b c d e f g Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. sigqan* 2
3. ^ Krause, Wolfgang (1963), Handbuch des Gotischen, 2nd ed., München: Beck, p. § 226
4. ^ a b De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
5. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽
6. ^ a b c d Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. s.v. *sinkwan-
7. ^ a b Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. s.v. sigqan
8. ^ a b c d Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. sigqan
9. ^ Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. sigqan
10. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
11. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 4:40
12. ^ Stamm, Friedrich Ludwig; Heyne, Moriz (1920), Ulfilas oder die uns erhaltenen Denkmäler der gotischen Sprache: Text, Wörterbuch und Grammatik, 13th–14th ed. by Ferdinand Wrede, Paderborn: Schöningh, p. 464
13. ^ Balg, G. H. (1887–1889), A Comparative Glossary of the Gothic Language, with Especial Reference to English and German, Mayville, Wis.: the author, p. 355