𐌾𐌿𐌺

Forms

𐌾𐌿𐌺 (juk), a neuter a-stem noun.^[1][2] The only recorded form is the accusative plural 𐌾𐌿𐌺𐌰 (juka).^[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *juką (“yoke”),^[4][5][6] from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.^[4] Casaretto calls it an inherited word, a zero-grade derivative of Proto-Indo-European *i̯eug- (“to yoke, join”).^[7] The Germanic cognates are Old Norse ok, Old English geoc, Old Saxon juk and Old High German joh.^[5][6] Kroonen calls it identical to Hittite juka-, Ancient Greek ζυγόν (zugón) and the Sanskrit word for "yoke".^[5] Feist and Uhlenbeck add Latin iugum and Lithuanian jùngas, the latter with its n from the verb.^[8][9]

Attestation

The word is recorded once, at Luke 14:19, in manuscript CA.^[2][3] It renders Ancient Greek ζεῦγος (zeûgos).^[10][2] Luke 14:19 reads juka auhsne usbauhta fimf, "I have bought five yoke of oxen".^[11]

Meanings

1. a yoke of animals, a team or pair, for ζεῦγος^[2][12][4]

Word family

• 𐌲𐌰𐌾𐌿𐌺 (gajuk, “pair”)
• 𐌲𐌰𐌾𐌿𐌺𐌰 (gajuka, “companion”)
• 𐌲𐌰𐌾𐌿𐌺𐍉 (gajukō, “parable”)

Related words

• 𐌾𐌿𐌺𐌿𐌶𐌹 (jukuzi, “yoke”)

Usage notes

The compound 𐌲𐌰𐌾𐌿𐌺 (gajuk) renders ζεῦγος in the sense "pair" at Luke 2:24.^[13][10][7] Feist lists 𐌾𐌿𐌺𐌿𐌶𐌹 (jukuzi), a feminine noun, as another Gothic word for "yoke".^[8]

References

1. ^ Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. juk
2. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. juk*
3. ^ a b De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
4. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌾𐌿𐌺
5. ^ a b c Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 274
6. ^ a b Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 207
7. ^ a b Casaretto, Antje (2004), Nominale Wortbildung der gotischen Sprache: Die Derivation der Substantive, Heidelberg: Winter
8. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. juk
9. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 92
10. ^ a b Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
11. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 14:19
12. ^ Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 93
13. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. gajuk*