𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽

Forms

𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽 (malan), a strong verb of the sixth class.^[1][2][3] Only one form is recorded, the nominative plural feminine of the present participle, 𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (malandeins).^[2][4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *malaną (“to grind”),^[5][6] like Old Norse mala, Old Saxon malan and Old High German malan;^[6][7] Balg notes that English lacks the verb and uses grind instead.^[8] The same root with the e-grade gives Old Norse mjǫl, Old English melu and Old High German melo (“meal, flour”).^[9][4] It continues Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“to crush, grind”),^[4][2] whose o-grade present Kroonen reconstructs as *mólh₁-e-, the type of Hittite mallai, Latin molō and Lithuanian málti;^[6] a present in -ye/o- underlies Old Irish meilid.^[6][4] Lehmann regards the o-grade present as an old Indo-European agricultural term, kept in Anatolian, Germanic, Celtic, Latin, Baltic and Slavic, where Greek and Armenian have innovated.^[4] Uhlenbeck notes that the Gothic word for "mill" is different, 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (qairnus).^[10]

Attestation

A single record, at Luke 17:35, in manuscript CA.^[11][2] It renders Ancient Greek ἀλήθω (alḗthō, “to grind”).^[12][2] Luke 17:35 reads twos wairþand malandeins samana, "two women will be grinding together".^[13]

Meanings

1. to grind (grain, in a mill).^[1][8][2]

Word family

• 𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍉 (malō, “moth”)

Related words

• 𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌼𐌰 (malma, “sand”)
• 𐌼𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (mulda, “dust”)
• 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gamalwjan, “to crush”)

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. malan
2. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. malan*
3. ^ Braune, Wilhelm; Heidermanns, Frank (2004), Gotische Grammatik, mit Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, 20th ed., Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken germanischer Dialekte A 1, Tübingen: Niemeyer, p. 287
4. ^ a b c d e Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. *malan
5. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽
6. ^ a b c d Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 351
7. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 257
8. ^ a b Balg, G. H. (1887–1889), A Comparative Glossary of the Gothic Language, with Especial Reference to English and German, Mayville, Wis.: the author, p. 264
9. ^ Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. malan
10. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 105
11. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
12. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
13. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 17:35