𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽

Forms

𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (satjan), a weak verb of the first class.^[1][2][3] The recorded forms are 𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌹𐌸 (satjiþ), 𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 (satjaidau) and the past participle 𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌸 (satiþ) twice each, and the preterites 𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 (satida) and 𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 (satidedun) once each, with satjaiþ and satidai, in the Wulfila project's count.^[4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *satjaną (“to set, place down”),^[5][6] the causative of Proto-Germanic *setjanan (“to sit”), from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”).^[7][8] Within Gothic it is the causative of 𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (sitan, “to sit”).^[9][10] Kroonen reconstructs it as *sod-éie-.^[6] Its Germanic cognates are Old Norse setja, Old English settan, Old Frisian setta, Old Saxon settian and Old High German sezzen.^[6][7] Outside Germanic, Orel compares Old Irish sáidim and Proto-Slavic *saditi (“to set, plant”).^[7]

Attestation

The Wulfila project counts ten tokens, in Luke, Mark, Romans, 1 Corinthians, 1 Thessalonians and 1 Timothy.^[4] Köbler counts nine records.^[4][8] They are in manuscripts CA (four), Car, A and B.^[4] The first in the project's order is Luke 8:16 in CA.^[4] In PROIEL's Gospels and Epistles it renders Ancient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi) five times and φυτεύω (phuteúō) and κεῖμαι (keîmai) twice each.^[11] At Luke 8:16 no one lights a lamp and uf ligr satjiþ, "puts it under a bed".^[12]

Meanings

1. to set, place, put; for τιθέναι.^[3][8][13]
2. to plant (trees); for φυτεύειν.^[13][8]
3. in the passive participle with wisan, to be set, established; for κεῖσθαι.^[8][13]

Word family

• 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afsatjan, “to remove, divorce”)
• 𐌰𐍄𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (atsatjan, “to present”)
• 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisatjan, “to set around”)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gasatjan, “to place, establish”)
• 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fauragasatjan, “to present”)
• 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (miþsatjan, “to remove”)
• 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ussatjan, “to set out, plant”)
• 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (afsateins, “divorce”)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gasateins, “foundation”)
• 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ussateins, “origin”)

References

1. ^ Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. satjan
2. ^ Braune, Wilhelm; Heidermanns, Frank (2004), Gotische Grammatik, mit Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, 20th ed., Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken germanischer Dialekte A 1, Tübingen: Niemeyer, p. 293
3. ^ a b Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. satjan
4. ^ a b c d e De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
5. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽
6. ^ a b c Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 427
7. ^ a b c Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 319
8. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. satjan*
9. ^ Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. satjan
10. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 127
11. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
12. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 8:16
13. ^ a b c Skeat, Walter W. (1868), A Moeso-Gothic Glossary, with an Introduction, an Outline of Moeso-Gothic Grammar, and a List of Anglo-Saxon and Old and Modern English Words Etymologically Connected with Moeso-Gothic, London: Asher, p. 196