Gothic words from Proto-Germanic
247 Gothic words with Proto-Germanic in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages (page 4).
𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌸𐍃
1. The word for a place is inherited from Proto-Germanic *stadiz (“place”), an abstract noun from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”), reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tis by…
𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *stainaz (“stone”), with the cognates Old Norse steinn, Old English stān, Old Frisian stēn, Old Saxon stēn and Old High German stein. The n is a suffix. Kroonen…
𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sternǭ (“star”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. It is formed like Old Norse stjarna, Middle Low German sterne and Old High German sterno, with an n-suffix…
𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *standaną (“to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. The cognates are Old Norse standa, Old English standan, Old Frisian stonda, Old Saxon standan and Old…
𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *stautaną (“to push, to bump, to jolt”), with the cognates Old Norse stauta, Old Frisian stēta, Old Saxon stōtan and Old High German stōzan, all meaning "to push…
𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌱𐌽𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *stebnō (“voice”), a form Kroonen writes *stimnō-. Gothic ⟨bn⟩ and the ⟨fn⟩ of Old English stefn and Old Frisian stifne go back to an older ⟨mn⟩, kept in stemn…
𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *stinkwaną (“to hit; to thrust; to clash”), Orel's *stenkwanan. The cognates are Old Norse støkkva (“to leap, jump, flee”) and Old English stincan, which meant…
𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *strawjaną (“to strew”), a verb derived from the noun Proto-Germanic *strawan (“straw”), whose original meaning Orel takes to be "something spread out". The…
𐍃𐍅𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *swa (“so, thus”), cognate with Old Norse svá, Old English swā and Old Frisian sā; Old Saxon sō and Old High German sō have a different vowel, from *swō. The…
𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *swartaz (“black”), with the cognates Old Norse svartr, Old English sweart, Old Frisian swart, Old Saxon swart and Old High German swarz. A zero grade of the same…
𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *swēsaz (“one's own, familiar”), with cognates in Old Norse sváss (“dear, beloved”), Old English swǣs (“dear, one's own”), Old Frisian swēs (“related”), Old Saxon…
𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sōkjan- (“to seek”), the source also of Old Norse sœkja, Old English sēcan, Old Frisian sēka, Old Saxon sōkian and Old High German suohhen. Kroonen derives it…
𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *tahrą (“tear”), which Kroonen gives as *tagra- and Orel as *taʒran. The alternation of h and g in the Germanic forms, due to Verner's law, has been levelled in…
𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *tehun (“ten”), from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥t. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse tíu, Old English tīen, Old Frisian tiān, Old Saxon tehan and Old High German…
𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃𐍅𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *tehswô (“right”), and the noun continues *tehswō (“right hand”). Its Germanic cognates are Old Saxon tesewa (“right hand”) and Old High German zesawa (“right…
𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌽𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *taikniz (“sign”), beside the neuter Proto-Germanic *taikną of the other languages: Old Norse teikn, Old English tācn, Old Frisian tēken, Old Saxon tēkan and Old…
𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *tawjaną (“to make”). The same verb is recorded in the runic preterite Proto-Norse tawido (“I made”) on the Gallehus horn, and in Old English tawian (“to…
𐍄𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *tēkaną (“to touch”), which Kroonen sets up with a variant with short a. The other vowel grade appears in Old Norse taka (“to take, touch”) and in Middle Dutch…
𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *teuhaną (“to pull, lead”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to lead”). Kroonen reconstructs the present as *déuk-e-, formally identical to Latin dūcō (“to…
𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ (“tongue”), for which Kroonen and Orel write *tungōn-. The cognates are Old Norse tunga, Old English tunge, Old Frisian tunge, Old Saxon tunga and Old High…
𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃
It continues the Proto-Germanic word for "tooth", inherited from Proto-Germanic *tanþs (“tooth”), in the zero grade, with a secondary change to the u-stems as in 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃 (fōtus, “foot”). The other…
𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *trewą (“tree, wood”), which Orel calls a thematic derivative of the Indo-European word for "tree, wood", traced by Wiktionary to Proto-Indo-European *dóru and by…
𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *trudaną (“to tread”). The zero grade of the root is shared only with Old Norse troða; Old English tredan, Old Frisian treda and Old High German tretan have the…
𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌹
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *twai (“two”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”). Feist explains that the Indo-European forms took on pronominal plural endings in Gothic. Its Germanic…
𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌹
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wadją (“pledge”), the word that gave Old Norse veð, Old English wedd, Old Frisian wed, Old Saxon weddi and Old High German wetti. Feist, Uhlenbeck, Holthausen…
𐍅𐌰𐌹
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wai (“woe”), from Proto-Indo-European *wai. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse vei, Old English wā, Old Saxon wē and Old High German wē. Outside Germanic…
𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wiraz (“man”), from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“man”). The same word is Old Norse verr in Old Norse and wer in Old English, Old Saxon and Old High German…
𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *werþaną (“to become”), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”). The cognates are Old Norse verða, Old English weorþan, Old Frisian wertha, Old Saxon werthan…
𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *waldaną (“to rule”), continued by Old Norse valda, Old English wealdan, Old Frisian walda, Old Saxon waldan and Old High German waltan. The Old Norse preterite…
𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *waljaną (“to choose, to pick, to select”), the source also of Old Norse velja, Old Saxon wellian and Old High German wellen. Feist, Uhlenbeck and Kroonen take it…
𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *walwijaną (“to roll”), Kroonen's *walwjan-, with Old English wielwan as its Old English cognate. Lehmann adds wealwian, the source of the English word wallow…
𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wurdą (“word”), from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰom. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse orð, Old English word, Old Frisian word, Old Saxon word and Old High…
𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną (“to work”). The Germanic cognates are Old Norse yrkja, Old English wyrcan, Old Saxon workian and Old High German wurchen, and the runic preterites…
𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wurt- (“root”), in Wiktionary's analysis the oblique stem of the root noun meaning "root", a feminine i-stem in Kroonen's and Orel's reconstruction. The cognates…
𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wardijô. Feist and Lehmann explain it as a derivative with the suffix -𐌾𐌰 (-ja) of the Germanic noun *warda- (“guard”), seen in Old English weard, Old Saxon ward…
𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *waraz (“wary, watchful”), like Old Norse varr, Old English wær, Old Saxon war and Old High German giwar. Köbler and Lehmann trace it to the root…
𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *watōr (“water”), which continues a Proto-Indo-European noun with r in the nominative and accusative and n in the other cases. Kroonen traces the Germanic…
𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽
1. The word for "fight" is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wiganą (“to fight”), a strong verb that is also Old Norse vega in Old Norse, Old English wīgan in Old English and Old High German wīgan in…
𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃
1. It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wīhaz (“holy”), the same adjective as Old High German wīh (“holy”). Related nouns are Old Norse vé (“sanctuary”), Old English wīh (“sanctuary, idol”) and Old…
𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃
1. The word for "we" is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wīz (“we”), which is Old Norse vér in Old Norse, Old English wē in Old English, Old Frisian wī in Old Frisian, Old Saxon wī in Old Saxon and…
𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wegaz (“way”), derived from the strong verb *weganą. In Gothic the verb survives only in the compound 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gawigan, “to shake”). The cognates are Old Norse…
𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (“toward, against”). Wiktionary takes the Gothic form from the compound form of the Proto-Germanic word, which seems to have replaced the preposition's own…
𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną (“to want”), Kroonen's *weljan-, from Proto-Indo-European *uelh₁-. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse vilja, Old English willan, Old Frisian willa, Old…
𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽
1. The verb for "to be" is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be, remain”), the strong verb also continued by Old Norse vesa (later vera), Old English wesan, Old Frisian wesa, Old Saxon…
𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽
1. The word for "know" is inherited from Proto-Germanic *witaną (“to know”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”). Orel takes the present to continue the Indo-European perfect of…
𐍆𐌰𐌳𐌰𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *fadēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Miller explains the d by Verner's law, the accent having followed the consonant in the…
𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *fanhaną (“to take, capture”), with the cognates Old Norse fá, Old English fōn, Old Frisian fā, Old Saxon fāhan and Old High German fāhan, all meaning "to catch"…
𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *fehu (“livestock”), an inherited u-stem with no Germanic base, continued by Old Norse fé, Old English feoh, Old Frisian fiā, Old Saxon fehu and Old High German…
𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌽𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *fersnō (“heel”), from Proto-Indo-European *tpḗrsneh₂. The West Germanic cognates are Old English fiersn, Old Saxon fersna and Old High German fersana. Outside…
𐍆𐌰𐌽𐌰
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *fanô (“cloth”), the Germanic weak noun Kroonen writes *fanan- and Orel *fanōn. The cognates are Old Norse fani (in compounds, "flag"), Old English fana (“flag…
𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *furi (“before, for”), cognate with Old Norse fyr, Old English for and fore, Old Saxon for and fora, and Old High German furi. Kroonen and Wiktionary derive the…
𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *fawaz (“few”), the same adjective as Old Norse fár, Old English fēa, Old Saxon fā and Old High German fō. Kroonen derives it from a zero-grade…
𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *faraną (“to go, travel”), whose cognates are Old Norse fara, Old English faran, Old Frisian fara, Old Saxon faran and Old High German faran. Kroonen describes it…
𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *farjaną (“to take somewhere, to carry, to ferry”), which Orel calls the causative or iterative of *faraną (“to travel, to go”); Wiktionary takes it, probably, as…
𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr (“four”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. The Germanic cognates are Old Norse fjórir, Old English fēower, Old Frisian fiūwer, Old Saxon fiwar and Old…
𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *felu (“much”), originally the neuter singular of an adjective meaning "many". Kroonen thinks the Germanic adjective may first have existed only in this neuter…
𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *fimf (“five”), from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe (“five”). In Germanic the labiovelar was assimilated to the initial labial, which is why the word has f twice…
𐍆𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *finþaną (“to find”), with Old Norse finna, Old English findan, Old Frisian finda, Old Saxon findan and Old High German findan, all meaning "to find". Lehmann…
𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz (“fish”), like Old Norse fiskr, Old English fisc, Old Frisian fisk, Old Saxon fisk and Old High German fisc. Feist and Lehmann also cite the Crimean…
𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐍃
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”), cognate with Old Norse fullr, Old English full, Old Frisian ful, Old Saxon ful and Old High German fol. It continues Proto-Indo-European…