𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽

Forms

𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raupjan), a weak verb of the first class.^[1][2] The recorded forms are the infinitive 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raupjan) and the third person plural preterite 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 (raupidedun).^[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *raupijaną (“to pluck, pull off”),^[4][2] with the cognates Old English rīepan (“to pluck”) and Old High German roufen (“to pluck, pull out”); Old Norse ruppa shows a form with gemination.^[5][6] Köbler sets up an Indo-European root Proto-Indo-European *reup- (“to tear, break”), an extension of *reu- (“to tear, dig”).^[2][5] Uhlenbeck posited *reub- for this verb beside *reup- in 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌱𐍉𐌽 (biraubōn, “to rob”).^[7] Uhlenbeck later rejected Wood's comparison with Lithuanian rūba (“robbery”), a loanword from German.^[8]

Attestation

The verb occurs twice, both in manuscript CA: raupidedun at Luke 6:1 and raupjan at Mark 2:23.^[3][2] Köbler gives Ancient Greek τίλλω (tíllō) as the Greek verb it renders and Latin vellō as the Latin equivalent.^[2] Mark 2:23 reads dugunnun siponjos is skewjandans raupjan ahsa, "his disciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears of grain".^[9]

Meanings

1. to pluck, to pull off or pick (ears of grain), for Ancient Greek τίλλω (tíllō).^[1][2][10]

Borrowings into other languages

• Spanish: ropa^[4]
• Old Galician-Portuguese: roupa, whence Galician and Portuguese roupa^[4]

Related words

• 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌱𐍉𐌽 (biraubōn, “to rob”)

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. raupjan
2. ^ a b c d e f g Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. raupjan 2
3. ^ a b De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
4. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽
5. ^ a b Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. raupjan
6. ^ Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. raupjan
7. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. s.v. raupjan
8. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1905), Bemerkungen zum gotischen Wortschatz, Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 30, 252ff., p. s.v. raupjan
9. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Mk 2:23
10. ^ Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 125