entrar

Forms

entrar (first-person singular present entro, first-person singular preterite entrei, past participle entrado)^[1] Houaiss's earliest record, taken from Machado, is the form intrar in 1114;^[2] entrar is of the 13th century.^[2] A dialect form antrar is recorded in Portugal.^[3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin intrō (“to go into, enter”), written Old Galician-Portuguese intrar in the earliest record and Old Galician-Portuguese entrar from the 13th century.^[2][4][1] The Latin verb is formed from the adverb and preposition intrā (“inside, within”), itself from inter (“between”).^[5][1]

The same Latin word is Galician entrar, Spanish entrar, Catalan entrar, French entrer, Italian entrare and Romanian intra.^[6][7] The Spanish verb is recorded from the Glosas Silenses and the Cid on.^[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

Cunha dates the verb to the 13th century.^[4] The Crónica Troiana has entraron en hun tal lugar “they went into such a place”, and uses the verb for an invasion, entrar a terra del Rey Leomedon “to enter King Laomedon's land”.^[9] The Cancioneiro da Ajuda already has figurative uses such as entrar en vergonha “to fall into shame”.^[9]

Semantic evolution

Medieval phrases took the verb into law and dealings: entrar en voz meant “to go to law”, and entrar en dõas con alguen “to make someone gifts”.^[9] A document of 1308 has eu prometto, e entro “I promise and bind myself”, and a Latin document of 1270 already uses intravit for standing surety.^[10][11]

Morais (1789) records the verb used with a direct object, as in entrar o arraial “to enter the camp”, and Vieira quotes entrar o rio.^[12][13] Modern senses include “to begin”, “to join” and “to be part of”, and in computing “to log in”.^[2][14][15] Macanese has intrâ or intrá.^[1]

Timeline

• 1114 – Houaiss's earliest date, from Machado, for the form intrar.^[2]
• 1200s – first records of entrar, and of the nouns entrada and entrante.^[4][2]
• 1308 – eu prometto, e entro “I promise and bind myself” in a monastery document.^[10]
• 1400 – entrar in a fragment of the Flos Sanctorum kept in Santiago de Compostela (witness 1380–1425).^[16]
• 1569 – Cardoso renders it with Latin introgredior.^[17]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau defines it as “to pass from outside to inside”.^[18]
• 1789 – Morais records the transitive use, entrar o arraial.^[12]
• 1899 – first records of reentrar and reentrante.^[4]

Meanings

Verb

1. To enter, to go or come in: Entra, que está a chover.^[2][19][1]
2. To penetrate, go into: O parafuso não entra neste buraco.^[19][14]
3. (transitive) To go into or through (a place): entrar a barra do rio.^[20][13]
4. To begin, set in: O inverno entrou cedo.^[19][14]
5. To join, become a member of; to take part in: entrar para a universidade.^[2][21]
6. To be included, to form part of: A canela entra nesta receita.^[14]
7. To pay one's share, to contribute.^[14]
8. (of a river) To flow into.^[14]
9. (computing) To log in.^[15]

Word family

• entrada
• entrante
• reentrar
• reentrância
• reentrante

Related words

• Latin intrō
• Galician entrar

Usage notes

Entrar em si means “to come to one's senses, think again calmly”.^[14] In southern Brazil entrar com o pé direito is “to make a good start” and entrar com o passo trocado “to make a bad one”.^[22]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. entrar
3. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. entrar
4. ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. entrar
5. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. entrer
6. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
7. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. intrare
8. ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 2, 644
9. ^ a b c Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. entrar
10. ^ a b Viterbo, Joaquim de Santa Rosa de (1798–1799), Elucidario das palavras, termos e frases que em Portugal antiguamente se usárão, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 404
11. ^ Viterbo, Joaquim de Santa Rosa de (1798–1799), Elucidario das palavras, termos e frases que em Portugal antiguamente se usárão, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 38
12. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 512
13. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 3, 183
14. ^ a b c d e f g Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. entrar
15. ^ a b Wikcionário (Portuguese Wiktionary), pt.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. entrar
16. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. entrar
17. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. entrar
18. ^ Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. entrar
19. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. entrar
20. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. entrar
21. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. entrar
22. ^ Schlee, Aldyr Garcia (2019), Dicionário da Cultura Pampeana Sul-Rio-Grandense, 2 vols., Pelotas: Fructos do Paiz, p. s.v. entrar