Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word estreito
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin strictus
- Ultimate origin
- Latin stringō
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
Forms
estreito (feminine estreita, masculine plural estreitos, feminine plural estreitas, comparable, comparative mais estreito, superlative o mais estreito or estreitíssimo)[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote estreito and estreyto.[2][1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin strictus (“drawn tight, close”), the past participle of stringō (“to draw tight, squeeze”), written Old Galician-Portuguese estreito in the oldest texts.[3][4][5][1] The short Latin i became e, and the c before t turned into the vowel i, as Nascentes notes after Nunes.[5][6] Its learned doublet is estrito “strict”.[1]
The same Latin word is Galician estreito, Spanish estrecho, Catalan estret, French étroit and Italian stretto.[6][1][7]
Earliest recorded meaning
The Cantigas de Santa Maria already use both the adjective and the noun: un poç'… estreit' e fondo “a well … narrow and deep”, un leito… pequen' e estreito “a bed … small and narrow”, and, as a noun, passou ben pelo estreito / d'Algizira “crossed safely by the strait of Algeciras”.[2] The Miragres de Santiago place Ceuta ẽnos estreytos d'Espana “in the straits of Spain”.[2]
Semantic evolution
The physical sense “narrow” has been constant since the 13th century; in a cantiga it describes the setting (caston) of a ring made too narrow.[2][8] Bluteau's dictionary adds the figurative “intimate”, with estreita amizade “close friendship”, and the sense “falling short, inadequate”, and Folqman has dar estreita conta “to give a strict account”.[9][10]
The noun “strait” was defined by Morais in 1813 as a stretch of sea between two close coasts, with the example of the strait of Gibraltar; he also records the figurative “a tight spot, difficulty” and estreito for braid and passementerie.[11] Modern dictionaries add a mountain pass and, in Brazilian informal use, a prisoner.[3] In Angola the adjective also means “stunted, thin”.[3]
The word passed into Kabuverdianu as stretu.[1]
Timeline
- 13th century – first records, adjective and noun, in the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[3][4][2]
- 1433 – the date Machado gives for the noun, which Lorenzo's chronology moves back to the cantigas.[2]
- 1513 – estreito in the Livro dos Mártires.[12]
- 16th century – first records of estreitar and estreiteza.[4]
- 1697 – Pereira glosses the noun with Latin fretum “strait”.[13]
- 1712–1728 – Bluteau records the senses “narrow” and “intimate”.[9]
- 1813 – Morais defines the noun “strait” and the figurative “difficulty”.[11]
Meanings
Adjective
- narrow, having little width: um beco estreito.[3][14][1]
- tight, close-fitting: umas calças estreitas.[3][14]
- Restricted, limited; select.[3][14]
- Close, intimate (of kinship, friendship or relations).[3][14][1]
- Strict, rigorous, exact.[3][14]
- (figurative) narrow-minded, petty.[3][15]
- (figurative) Hard, difficult: anos estreitos.[3][14]
- (Angola) Stunted, thin.[3]
- (printing) Condensed, of a typeface narrower than usual for its size.[3][14]
Noun
- (geography) A strait, a narrow natural channel joining two seas or two parts of the same sea.[3][16][1]
- (geography) A narrow pass between mountains, a defile.[3][16]
- (figurative) A dangerous situation, a predicament.[17][15]
- (Brazil, informal) A prisoner.[3]
Word family
- estreitar
- estreiteza
Related words
Usage notes
Estreito is also the first person singular of the present of estreitar “to narrow”.[18]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. estreito
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. estreito
- ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. estreito
- ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. estreito
- ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. s.v. estreito
- ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. strictus
- ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. estreito
- ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. estreito
- ^ Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. estreito
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 782
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. estreito
- ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. estreito
- ^ a b c d e f g Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. estreito
- ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 4003
- ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. estreito
- ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. estreito
- ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. estreito
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Estreito.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/estreito. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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