Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word estreito

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin strictus
Ultimate origin
Latin stringō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin stringō
Aromanian stringu
Italian stringere
Old French estreindre
French étreindre
English strain
Romanian strânge
Latin strictus
French étroit
Italian stretto
Portuguese estreito
Spanish estrecho
English strict
Romanian strict
From the same root
Latin astringō ← stringō
Latin cōnstringō ← stringō
Latin dēstringō ← stringō
Latin distringō ← stringō
Latin obstringō ← stringō
Latin perstringō ← stringō
Latin praestringō ← stringō
Latin restringō ← stringō
Latin strigilis ← stringō
Latin substringō ← stringō
Italian stringente ← stringere
English strainer ← estreindre
Romanian astrânge ← strânge
Romanian strângere ← strânge
Latin strictim ← strictus

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /isˈtɾej.tu/, [isˈtɾeɪ̯.tu], /esˈtɾej.tu/[1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /iʃˈtɾej.tu/, [iʃˈtɾeɪ̯.tu], /eʃˈtɾej.tu/[1]
  • Portugal: /(i)ʃˈtɾɐj.tu/[1]
  • Northern, Portugal: /(i)ʃˈtɾej.tu/[1]

Forms

estreito (feminine estreita, masculine plural estreitos, feminine plural estreitas, comparable, comparative mais estreito, superlative o mais estreito or estreitíssimo)[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote estreito and estreyto.[2][1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin strictus (“drawn tight, close”), the past participle of stringō (“to draw tight, squeeze”), written Old Galician-Portuguese estreito in the oldest texts.[3][4][5][1] The short Latin i became e, and the c before t turned into the vowel i, as Nascentes notes after Nunes.[5][6] Its learned doublet is estrito “strict”.[1]

The same Latin word is Galician estreito, Spanish estrecho, Catalan estret, French étroit and Italian stretto.[6][1][7]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Cantigas de Santa Maria already use both the adjective and the noun: un poç'… estreit' e fondo “a well … narrow and deep”, un leito… pequen' e estreito “a bed … small and narrow”, and, as a noun, passou ben pelo estreito / d'Algizira “crossed safely by the strait of Algeciras”.[2] The Miragres de Santiago place Ceuta ẽnos estreytos d'Espana “in the straits of Spain”.[2]

Semantic evolution

The physical sense “narrow” has been constant since the 13th century; in a cantiga it describes the setting (caston) of a ring made too narrow.[2][8] Bluteau's dictionary adds the figurative “intimate”, with estreita amizade “close friendship”, and the sense “falling short, inadequate”, and Folqman has dar estreita conta “to give a strict account”.[9][10]

The noun “strait” was defined by Morais in 1813 as a stretch of sea between two close coasts, with the example of the strait of Gibraltar; he also records the figurative “a tight spot, difficulty” and estreito for braid and passementerie.[11] Modern dictionaries add a mountain pass and, in Brazilian informal use, a prisoner.[3] In Angola the adjective also means “stunted, thin”.[3]

The word passed into Kabuverdianu as stretu.[1]

Timeline

  • 13th century – first records, adjective and noun, in the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[3][4][2]
  • 1433 – the date Machado gives for the noun, which Lorenzo's chronology moves back to the cantigas.[2]
  • 1513 – estreito in the Livro dos Mártires.[12]
  • 16th century – first records of estreitar and estreiteza.[4]
  • 1697 – Pereira glosses the noun with Latin fretum “strait”.[13]
  • 1712–1728 – Bluteau records the senses “narrow” and “intimate”.[9]
  • 1813 – Morais defines the noun “strait” and the figurative “difficulty”.[11]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. narrow, having little width: um beco estreito.[3][14][1]
  2. tight, close-fitting: umas calças estreitas.[3][14]
  3. Restricted, limited; select.[3][14]
  4. Close, intimate (of kinship, friendship or relations).[3][14][1]
  5. Strict, rigorous, exact.[3][14]
  6. (figurative) narrow-minded, petty.[3][15]
  7. (figurative) Hard, difficult: anos estreitos.[3][14]
  8. (Angola) Stunted, thin.[3]
  9. (printing) Condensed, of a typeface narrower than usual for its size.[3][14]

Noun

  1. (geography) A strait, a narrow natural channel joining two seas or two parts of the same sea.[3][16][1]
  2. (geography) A narrow pass between mountains, a defile.[3][16]
  3. (figurative) A dangerous situation, a predicament.[17][15]
  4. (Brazil, informal) A prisoner.[3]

Word family

  • estreitar
  • estreiteza

Usage notes

Estreito is also the first person singular of the present of estreitar “to narrow”.[18]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. estreito
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. estreito
  4. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. estreito
  5. ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. estreito
  6. ^ a b Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. s.v. estreito
  7. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. strictus
  8. ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. estreito
  9. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. estreito
  10. ^ Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. estreito
  11. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 782
  12. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. estreito
  13. ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. estreito
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. estreito
  15. ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 4003
  16. ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. estreito
  17. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. estreito
  18. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. estreito

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Estreito.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/estreito. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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