Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word enviar

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1200s More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin invio
Ultimate origin
Latin via
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin in
Aromanian ãn
French en
Italian in
Portuguese em
Romanian în
Spanish en
Latin inviō
French envoyer
Portuguese enviar
Spanish enviar
Italian inviare
From the same root
Latin īlicō ← in
Latin imprīmīs ← in
Latin incassum ← in
Latin incontrā ← in
Latin īnsimul ← in
Latin īnsinuō ← in
Latin īnsuper ← in
Latin intrō ← in
Latin invicem ← in
French endroit ← en
French enfin ← en
French enfuir ← en
French enlever ← en
French ensuite ← en
French envers ← en
French lendemain ← en
Italian indosso ← in
Italian infatti ← in
Italian inoltre ← in
Italian insomma ← in
Italian intorno ← in
Italian invece ← in
Romanian din ← în
Romanian împotrivă ← în
Romanian împreună ← în
Romanian înapoi ← în
Romanian încât ← în
Romanian încoace ← în
Romanian încolo ← în
Romanian îndată ← în
See all derived words →

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /ẽ.viˈa(ʁ)/, [ẽ.viˈa(h)], /ẽˈvja(ʁ)/[1]
  • São-Paulo: /ẽ.viˈa(ɾ)/, /ẽˈvja(ɾ)/, /ĩ.viˈa(ɾ)/[1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /ẽ.viˈa(ʁ)/, [ẽ.viˈa(χ)], /ẽˈvja(ʁ)/[1]
  • Caipira: /ẽ.viˈa(ɻ)/, /ẽˈvja(ɻ)/, /ĩ.viˈa(ɻ)/[1]

Forms

enviar (first-person singular present envio, first-person singular preterite enviei, past participle enviado)[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Late Latin inviō (“to walk upon, travel over”), written Old Galician-Portuguese enviar in the oldest texts.[2][3][1] The DLP treats the Latin verb as a reconstruction, and Lewis and Short record it once, in Solinus.[4][5] It is formed from in- and via (“road, way”).[6][7][1]

The same Latin word is Galician enviar, Spanish enviar, Catalan enviar, French envoyer and Italian inviare.[8][1] The French verb goes back to Old French enveiier, recorded about 980.[7]

De Vaan derives the Latin noun from a Proto-Indo-European word meaning “pursuit”.[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss's first date is a Latin text of 1188–1230 with the form enuiauerit.[2] In the vernacular the verb is recorded from the 13th century.[2] The cantigas use it for sending a message, and enviar por “to send for”.[10][11]

Semantic evolution

Medieval enviar also took an infinitive, “to send word to do something, to order”.[11] Morais (1813) has enviar alguém para o outro mundo “to kill someone” and the reflexive enviar-se a alguém “to rush at someone”.[12] Aulete's older edition records the formula enviar saudar “to send greetings”.[13] In Portugal the verb can also mean “to gulp down” food or drink.[2][4]

Timeline

  • 1188–1230 – enuiauerit in a Latin text.[2]
  • 13th century – first vernacular record.[2]
  • 1697 – Pereira renders it by Latin mitto.[14]
  • 1813 – Morais records enviar alguém para o outro mundo.[12]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To send, to dispatch something to an address: Enviei-lhe um postal.[2][15][1]
  2. To send someone somewhere or on a mission: A empresa enviou um técnico.[2][3]
  3. To throw, to fire at: enviar um murro.[2][16]
  4. (reflexive) To rush at, to attack.[2][16]
  5. (Portugal) To gulp down food or drink.[2][4]

Word family

  • enviado
  • envio
  • reenviar

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. enviar
  3. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. enviar
  4. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. enviar
  5. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. invio
  6. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. inviare
  7. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. envoyer
  8. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. 1, 177
  9. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill, p. s.v. via
  10. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. enviar
  11. ^ a b Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. enviar
  12. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 720
  13. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. enviar
  14. ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. enviar
  15. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. enviar
  16. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. enviar

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Enviar.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/enviar. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·