Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word în

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1499 Slavo-Romanian charter More words from the 15th century
Inherited from
Latin in
Ultimate origin
Latin in
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin in
Aromanian ãn
French en
Italian in
Romanian în
Spanish en
Derivations
From the same root
Latin īlicō ← in
Latin imprīmīs ← in
Latin incassum ← in
Latin incontrā ← in
Latin īnsimul ← in
Latin īnsinuō ← in
Latin īnsuper ← in
Latin intrō ← in
Latin invicem ← in
Latin inviō ← in
French endroit ← en
French enfin ← en
French enfuir ← en
French enlever ← en
French ensuite ← en
French envers ← en
French lendemain ← en
Italian infatti ← in
Italian inoltre ← in
Italian insomma ← in
Italian intorno ← in
Italian invece ← in
Spanish enseguida ← en

Pronunciation

Forms

în (+accusative)[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin in (“in, into”),[2][3][4][5][6] like Italian in, French en, Catalan en, Spanish en and Portuguese em.[2] It survives as Aromanian în and Istro-Romanian ăn.[2][7] The older and fuller întru is intrō (“inside, into”).[7]

Old texts write ⟨îm⟩ before a labial, ⟨îm pămăntu⟩ in the Psaltirea Scheiană, which now survives only in compounds such as împrejur and dimpreună.[7] Romanian compounds with it are din (from de and ⟨în⟩) and prin (from ⟨pre⟩ and ⟨în⟩, or from Latin ⟨per in⟩).[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1499, a Romanian word in the Slavo-Romanian charters.[7] In Romanian texts it is very frequent from the Hurmuzaki Psalter of the early 16th century on,[8] and MDA2's first record is the Codicele Voronețean.[9] The first senses are those of place, “in, inside” and “into”.[6]

Semantic evolution

The preposition marks both where something is and where it goes: în mână is “in the hand” and “into the hand”.[7] It competes with la: one lives în or la Iași, but travels la Iași and în Franța; old texts and folk speech mixed the two more freely.[7] From place it passed to time (în iunie), cause, purpose, means and manner, and to the change of state: se preface în cerb “turns into a stag”.[2][9]

After a vowel the initial vowel drops, du-te-n casă.[7]

Timeline

  • 1499 – first recorded in a Slavo-Romanian charter.[7]
  • early 16th century – very frequent in the Hurmuzaki Psalter.[8]
  • c. 1563–1583 – in the Codicele Voronețean, MDA2's first record.[9]
  • later 16th century – îm pămăntu before a labial in the Psaltirea Scheiană.[7]

Meanings

Preposition

  1. in, into: the inside of a space where something is or happens, or into which it moves: Intră în cameră. Also onto or among: Se urcă în copac.[3][1]
  2. On (a part of the body that is covered or dressed): Avea pălăria în cap.[3]
  3. In (time), during; also after (an interval): Vin în două zile.[3]
  4. Because of, in: Copacul se legăna în vânt.[3]
  5. For (a purpose): S-a dus în pețit.[3]
  6. By, in (a means or way): Ne-am înțeles în scris.[3]
  7. In the shape of, like: Fumul urca în spirală.[3]
  8. According to: în ordine alfabetică.[3]
  9. Into (a new state); introduces an object: Casa a fost transformată în muzeu.[3][9]

Usage notes

În takes the accusative.[1] Before the indefinite article it becomes într- (într-o zi).[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. în
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 536
  4. ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 69
  5. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 4328
  6. ^ a b Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. în
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. în
  8. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 1:1
  9. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1199

Related etymologies

  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
  • sta · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“În.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEn. Accessed 11 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·