Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word então
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1257 a document, spelt entõ More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin *intunc
- Ultimate origin
- Latin in,tunc
Etymology
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *intunc (“then, at that time”), written Old Galician-Portuguese enton and Old Galician-Portuguese entom in the oldest texts.[2][3][4][1] The Latin form joins the preposition in (“in”) and the adverb tunc (“then, at that moment”).[2][1] Nascentes traces the change through the stages *intun and entam.[5] Houaiss dates the spelling with ⟨om⟩ to the 13th century and the present one to the 15th.[2]
Medieval Portuguese also had Old Galician-Portuguese entonce, from *intunce, from the 13th century.[3] From the 14th century it also had estonce and estõ, from *extunce and extunc.[3][4] The longer form gave Spanish entonces, while the shorter one is Galician entón and Old Spanish enton.[1][4][6]
The Latin adverb comes from an Old Latin form with the particle -ce added to tum (“then”).[7]
Earliest recorded meaning
Galician-Portuguese documents of the 1250s already have the word: entõ o juiz deu sa carta “then the judge gave his letter” (1257) and enton o Juiz chamou ante sy os omees desses lugares “then the judge called before him the men of those places” (1258–1261).[8] The satirical cantigas have it in a vaca morreu-xe logu’ enton “the cow died right then”, and the Cantigas de Santa Maria have both enton and entonce.[8][9]
Semantic evolution
Barbosa in 1611 glosses it with Latin tunc and notes that it is said of present, past and future time.[10] Morais in 1813 gives the senses “at that time”, “on that occasion” and “in that case”, and notes its use as the correlative of quando.[11]
From “in that case” the word developed a conclusive sense, “so, therefore”, and it is also used as an interjection of surprise, doubt, impatience or encouragement, and in questions such as e então? “and so?”.[12][13][14] Popular variants are antão, atão and intão.[15][16][17]
Timeline
- 1257 – entõ o juiz deu sa carta in a document.[8]
- 13th century – the spellings entõ, enton and entom, and entonce also from this century.[2][3]
- 14th century – the variants estonce and estõ.[3]
- 15th century – the spelling então.[2]
- 1541 – a private letter writes ẽtão.[18]
- 1611 – Barbosa glosses it with Latin tunc.[10]
- 1813 – Morais gives the senses “at that time” and “in that case”.[11]
Meanings
Adverb
- then, at that time, in the past or the future: Naquele tempo ainda não havia telefone na aldeia; as cartas eram então o único meio.[2][15][12][1]
- At that moment; next, after that: Abriu a porta e então viu o irmão.[2][1]
- In that case: Se não queres ir, então fico eu.[2][15][19]
Conjunction
Interjection
- Expresses surprise, doubt, indignation or impatience, or urges someone on: Então, vens ou não?[2][12][15][19]
- Introduces a new topic, a question or an answer: Então, como correu a viagem?[1][14]
Related words
Usage notes
Desde então means “since then”, and até então “until then”.[20][1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. então
- ^ a b c d e Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. então
- ^ a b c Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 4518
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. então
- ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 2, 643
- ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. tunc
- ^ a b c Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. enton
- ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. enton
- ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. então
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 709
- ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. então
- ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. então
- ^ a b c Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. então
- ^ a b c d Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. então
- ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. então
- ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. in tunc
- ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. então
- ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 3620
- ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. então
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Então.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/ent%C3%A3o. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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