𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌱𐌽𐌰

Forms

𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌱𐌽𐌰 (stibna), a feminine ō-stem noun.^[1][2][3] The Wulfila project records the nominative and accusative singular 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌱𐌽𐌰 (stibna, 19 times), the dative singular 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌹 (stibnai, 13) and 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌱𐌽𐍉𐍃 (stibnōs, 2).^[4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *stebnō (“voice”),^[5][6] a form Kroonen writes *stimnō-.^[7] Gothic ⟨bn⟩ and the ⟨fn⟩ of Old English stefn and Old Frisian stifne go back to an older ⟨mn⟩, kept in stemn, Old Saxon stemna and Old High German stimna and assimilated in stimma.^[8][9] The further origin is uncertain.^[9][3] Noreen related it to Avestan staman- (“muzzle”), Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma, “mouth”) and Welsh safn (“jaw”).^[9] Feist accepts this, and Lehmann thinks it probable.^[9][8] J. Schmidt rejected the comparison because of the difference in meaning, and Uhlenbeck agreed with him in 1905.^[9][10] Kroonen sees an ō-stem made to a PIE neuter n-stem, with Gothic and Old High German continuing the e-grade, and adds Hittite ištāman- (“ear”).^[7] Orel calls the word of unknown origin.^[6] Grienberger's link with Greek στένω (sténō, “to moan”) is rejected by Lehmann.^[9][11]

Attestation

The Wulfila project counts 34 tokens, in Matthew, John, Luke and Mark, in Galatians and 1 Thessalonians, and three times in the Skeireins.^[4] Köbler counts 33.^[3] Most are in manuscript CA (28), the rest in A (1), B (2) and E (3).^[4] In canonical order the first is Matthew 27:46.^[4] PROIEL aligns it with Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ) 29 times and once with κραυγή (kraugḗ).^[12] Matthew 27:50 reads iþ Iesus aftra hropjands stibnai mikilai aflailot ahman, "but Jesus, crying out again with a loud voice, gave up the spirit".^[13]

Meanings

1. A voice, a vocal sound; for Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ).^[1][2][3]

References

1. ^ a b Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. stibna
2. ^ a b Regan, Brian T. (1974), Dictionary of the Biblical Gothic Language, Phoenix: Wulfila House, p. 143
3. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. stibna
4. ^ a b c d De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
5. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌱𐌽𐌰
6. ^ a b Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 373
7. ^ a b Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 480
8. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. stibna
9. ^ a b c d e f Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. stibna
10. ^ Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1905), Bemerkungen zum gotischen Wortschatz, Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 30, 252ff.
11. ^ Grienberger, Theodor von (1900), Untersuchungen zur gotischen Wortkunde, Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, phil.-hist. Classe 142, Wien
12. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
13. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Mt 27:50