𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽

Forms

𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (farjan), a weak verb of class 1.^[1][2][3] Two forms are recorded, each once: the preterite plural 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 (faridedun) and the plural present participle 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 (farjandans).^[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *farjaną (“to take somewhere, to carry, to ferry”),^[4][5] which Orel calls the causative or iterative of *faraną (“to travel, to go”);^[5] Wiktionary takes it, probably, as the causative-iterative of a lost strong verb *feraną.^[6] Uhlenbeck and Holthausen put it with 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran, “to go, travel”).^[7][8] The cognates are Old Norse ferja, Old English ferian, Old Saxon ferian and Old High German ferian;^[5][9][7][6] Holthausen adds the English verb ferry.^[8] Feist discusses the verb, together with 𐌰𐍄𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (atfarjan, “to land”), in his article on the strong verb;^[9] Köbler traces it to the Indo-European root Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to bring across”).^[2] Lehmann reports Brugmann's view that the -a- of the Germanic strong verb was taken over from the iterative verb.^[10]

Attestation

The verb occurs twice, at John 6:19 and Luke 8:23, both in manuscript CA.^[3][2] It renders Ancient Greek πλέω (pléō, “to sail”) at Luke 8:23 and ἐλαύνω (elaúnō, “to drive, row”) at John 6:19.^[11][2][12] John 6:19 reads þaruh farjandans swe spaurde ·k· jah ·e· aiþþau ·l· gasaiƕand Iesu gaggandan ana marein, "then, having rowed about twenty-five or thirty stadia, they see Jesus walking on the sea".^[13]

Meanings

1. to sail, travel by ship, for πλέω^[14][15][2]
2. to row, for ἐλαύνω^[14][4]

Word family

• 𐌰𐍄𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (atfarjan, “to land, arrive”)

Related words

• 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran, “to go, travel”)
• 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌸𐍉 (usfarþō, “departure”)

References

1. ^ Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. farjan
2. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. farjan*
3. ^ a b c De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
4. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽
5. ^ a b c Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 93
6. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *farjaną
7. ^ a b Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 42
8. ^ a b Holthausen, Ferdinand (1934), Gotisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. 27
9. ^ a b Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. faran
10. ^ Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. faran
11. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
12. ^ Gabelentz, Hans Conon von der; Loebe, Julius (1843), Ulfilas: Veteris et Novi Testamenti versionis gothicae fragmenta quae supersunt, vol. II.1: Glossarium der gothischen Sprache, Leipzig: Brockhaus, p. s.v. farjan
13. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Jn 6:19
14. ^ a b Balg, G. H. (1887–1889), A Comparative Glossary of the Gothic Language, with Especial Reference to English and German, Mayville, Wis.: the author, p. 89
15. ^ Skeat, Walter W. (1868), A Moeso-Gothic Glossary, with an Introduction, an Outline of Moeso-Gothic Grammar, and a List of Anglo-Saxon and Old and Modern English Words Etymologically Connected with Moeso-Gothic, London: Asher, p. s.v. farjan