𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽

Forms

𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (tiuhan), a strong verb of the second class.^[1][2][3] The recorded forms are 𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 (tiuhanda) five times, 𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (tiuhan), 𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌹𐌸 (tiuhiþ) and 𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳 (tiuhand) twice each, and 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌿𐌽 (tauhun), 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍃 (tauhans), 𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 (tiuhandans) and 𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 (tiuhandei) once each, in the Wulfila project's count.^[4] The preterite plural tauhun and the past participle tauhans are recorded.^[5] Lehmann gives the preterite singular as unattested *tauh.^[5][6]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *teuhaną (“to pull, lead”),^[7][8] from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to lead”).^[6][5] Kroonen reconstructs the present as *déuk-e-, formally identical to Latin dūcō (“to lead”).^[8] Its Germanic cognates are Old English tēon, Old Saxon tiohan and Old High German ziohan, with only the past participle Old Norse toginn in Old Norse.^[8][9] Lehmann points out that Gothic carried the h of the present through the preterite plural and the participle, where Old English has g.^[6] Feist and Uhlenbeck also compare Ancient Greek δαιδύσσεσθαι (daidússesthai, “to drag”), a gloss of Hesychius.^[10][9]

Attestation

The Wulfila project counts 15 tokens, in John, Luke and Mark, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Timothy and the Skeireins.^[4] Köbler counts 12 records.^[4][5] They are in manuscripts CA, A, B and, for the Skeireins, Lat5750.^[4] The project's list begins with the preterite tauhun at John 18:28 in CA.^[4] In PROIEL's Gospels and Epistles it renders Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō) six times and ἀπάγω (apágō), ὁδηγέω (hodēgéō) and σωρεύω (sōreúō) once each.^[11] At Luke 4:1 Jesus tauhans was in ahmin in auþidai, "was led by the Spirit into the wilderness".^[12]

Meanings

1. to pull, draw, drag.^[7][13]
2. to lead, guide, lead away; for ἄγειν, ὁδηγεῖν and ἀπάγειν.^[5][2][7]

Word family

• 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (aftiuhan, “to lead away”)
• 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (attiuhan, “to bring”)
• 𐌱𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (bitiuhan)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (gatiuhan)
• 𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (innattiuhan, “to lead in”)
• 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (miþgatiuhan)
• 𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (ustiuhan, “to lead out; accomplish”)
• 𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (ustauhts, “completion”)

References

1. ^ Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910), Die gotische Bibel, II: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. tiuhan
2. ^ a b Wright, Joseph (1910), Grammar of the Gothic Language, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. tiuhan
3. ^ Lambdin, Thomas O. (2006), An Introduction to the Gothic Language, Eugene, Or.: Wipf and Stock, p. 184
4. ^ a b c d e De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be
5. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Gotisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. tiuhan
6. ^ a b c Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the third edition of Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache by Sigmund Feist, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. tiuhan
7. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. 𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽
8. ^ a b c Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 515
9. ^ a b Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1900), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Müller, p. 147
10. ^ Feist, Sigmund (1939), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache, 3rd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. tiuhan
11. ^ Haug, Dag T. T. et al., PROIEL Treebank: The Gothic Bible (gothic-nt), 2023 release, Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages, University of Oslo
12. ^ De Herdt, Tom (2004–2026), Project Wulfila: digital edition of the Gothic Bible with lemma and morphological annotation, data release 2026-09-03, wulfila.be, p. Lk 4:1
13. ^ Skeat, Walter W. (1868), A Moeso-Gothic Glossary, with an Introduction, an Outline of Moeso-Gothic Grammar, and a List of Anglo-Saxon and Old and Modern English Words Etymologically Connected with Moeso-Gothic, London: Asher, p. s.v. tiuhan